MASS LIMITATIONS

031 – MASS AND BALANCE

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OVERLOADED AIRCRAFT

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 CRUISE
Lift

Drag

Thrust Downforce
Weight

Lift = Weight+Downforce(Negligible) Thrust = Drag

Lift = Weight

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 STEADY CLIMB
Flight
Lift
path

Thrust

Drag

Weight
Thrust and lift balances Downforce
weight

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 MAXIMUM WEIGHTS
An aircraft has both maximum lift and maximum thrust limitations.

According to these limitations, manufacturer determines maximum

weight of aircraft such as
 MAX TOW (Take off)
 MAX LW (Landing)

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OVERLOADED AIRCRAFT

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 RESULTS
If maximum weight of aircraft is exceeded even by a small margin, that
aircraft may show undesired performance characteristics such as:

 STALL Longer Runway for takeoff and landing

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 OVERALL RESULTS
 Stall Speed
 Take-off Speed



Take-off Distance
Landing Speed
Landing Distance
𝑉𝑀𝑈:the minmum spe d at which the airc aft can safely lift of  ground with maximum geometric pitch angle.
 Min-unstick speed

 Drag  Range
 Fuel Consumption  Endurance

 Stick Forces

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 OVERALL RESULTS

Total weight of the aircraft is

required to calculate
performance of the arcraft!

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