Group Members

Name ID
1. Belay Mengesha ------------------------------------------------------------------GUR/01178/12
2. Freweyni Zerihun ---------------------------------------------------------------GUR/02082/12
3. Habtamu Birhanu ---------------------------------------------------------------GUR/171235/12
4. Habtamu Mengstu ----------------------------------------------------------------GUR/01945/12
5. MohammedJunaid Hassen ------------------------------------------------------GUR/00534/12
6. Mohammed Yasin ---------------------------------------------------------------GUR/02160/12
7. Mohammed Tesfaye ------------------------------------------------------------GUR/171641/12
8. Tekalgn Fantahun ---------------------------------------------------------------GUR /00427/12
9. Yordanos Shimels --------------------------------------------------------------GUR/170943/12
TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH AND HEALTH RELATED
PROBLEMS IN GONDAR TOWN, NORTH WEST AMHARA REGION,
ETHIOPIA, 2022
INTRODUCTION

•Community Based Training Program is an on-site training program tailored to an

employer’s specific hiring needs. The training takes place in the actual work area in the
workplace, and a professionally trained job coach is located on-site to provide additional
support in training .

•CBTP (community based training program) is one parts of community based education
( CBE) which is designed to train health science students, about community diagnosis to
identify the problems related to health in the community, it provide health science students
to apply the theoretical knowledge in to practical application.
• Sustaining a healthy community is the goal of every part of the world. However,
achieving this goal requires careful planning and organized community members,
health organizations, academic institutions, and various government agencies.

• Although, in terms of education, technology, health resources, and per capita

purchasing power are higher in United States, it fails to deliver the best health care
at a reasonable cost. About 45 million (15.6%) US population is not covered by
health insurance .
 Statement of the Problem

•Ethiopia is one of the developing country in which most of its population (85%)
mainly depends on agricultures .

• Different factors like lack of professional committeemen, population awareness

about the problems of waste disposal, adequate and necessary medical equipment,
in accessible health facility and low health seek behavior leads to the community to
have low health status.
• Communicable disease, nutritional problems, maternal and child health problems
are the major challenging health care related problems in Ethiopia.

• Even though the sanitary coverage of this zonal town was relatively higher, there
is still lack of proper utilization of latrine .
 Justification of the Study

•As most of health related problems in Ethiopia are preventable, community health
assessment is an important tool to identify health status, health related problems,
and factors that could affect the society’s health.

•The result of this survey can be used by governmental and non-governmental

institutions to solve the community health related problems. This study can also be
used as a base line data for further study.
Limitation of the study
•There are many limitations & challenges during this program in the study area. We are challenged in many ways during the
time of our journey and at the time of work. These contests influence us from the program perfect implementation are:
The study was limited on small number of household
Absence of homeowner from the surrounding or from the home
The residents or community house is far apart from the straight road
Shortage of resource and finance (this is critical things to the area)
In case of shortage of time we are unable to get enough and required information from community as well as CTC
(community training center).
Even if there is road (not constructed from asphalt and cement) it is not comfortable for vehicles to move on and it is
uncomfortable for human .
Significance of the CBTP phase -one

• CBTP Phase - I involves: Problem identification, analyzing, planning to eradicate

the identified problems, advocate possible solutions for intervention.

•Both students and the community are benefited from this program.

• It helps to identify the problems of the communities on sanitation facilities and to jot
down something’s which is assumed as the solution.

• And also, it helps the students to be a good communicator and to be problem

identifier and problem solver. .
 It helps the communities: To tell their problems and they can ask solutions for their
problem, to get scientific knowledge from students in addition to their indigenous
knowledge on waste management activity.

 It helps the students in; identifying the problems related to water accessibility from
community, It helps to Obtain preferable knowledge about theoretical session from practical
session, searching the ways to find the possible solution for the identified problems.
Objective OF STUDY
General Objective;-
• To assess community health and health related problems in Keble 15 (Gabriel)
Gondar town, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2022.

Specific objective;
• To assess socioeconomic status of the community

•To assess environmental health and sanitation condition of community

• To assess water availability of community

• To assess major morbidity statues of communicable disease
Methodology
The study area

• The study was conducted at the selected Gabriel kebele of Gondar city. Gondar city is
about 750 km far from the North West of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia.

• According to the 2015 population projection of major cities in Ethiopia, the total
population size of Gondar town was estimated to be 323,900.

• The city is divided into 22 kebeles (the smallest administrative unit). This city is
among the ancient and largely populated in the country.
• Currently Gondar city has one Referral Hospital and Eight government Health
Centers.

• Gabriel kebele has climatic condition of Wayna Dega. Gondar is one of the city
in the Amara Region of Ethiopia, part of the Central Gondar zone.

• Gondar is bordered on the South by Debub Gondar Zone, on the West by Dembia,
on the North by Lay Armachho, on the North East by Wegera.
Study Period

•The study was conducted from 25/11/2022-19/12/2022.

Study Design

• A community based descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted.

Population

• Source population- our source of population was all people who live
in Gondar town,
•Study population- all population who live in kebele 15.

•Study unit- The representative of household

•Sampling unit- house holds

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

•Inclusion criteria: The household of the study in kebele 15 Gondar

town
•Exclusion criteria: Individual who were seriously ill
Data sources and types

•Primary data is used to collect the first hand information.

•This data had been collected from 54 households by interviewing by using

questionnaire which was prepared by the department of Environmental Health

•In addition to this we use personal observation oral questions.

• The primary data was collected from household’s interview and group discussion
Sampling Techniques and Procedures

• At the time of conducting this program we select 54 households as a

sample.
• The data were collected from primary data source 54 households were
randomly selected and interviewed by using the semi structured
questionnaire
Methods of data Collection
•The study was performed by using questionnaire survey and observation of the
different activities of the community in the area of study.
Data was collected qualitatively (for example observation of the community
status) and quantitatively (for instance no of latrine per households) 
The data were collected through: 
Observation 
Questionnaire 
Personal Interview 
Data collected quantitatively or qualitatively
Materials used during the study
 Notebook including questionnaire 
Camera 
Pen
Data Analysis and Interpretation
•After the data was collected qualitatively and quantitatively, all group member came together and
discussed with each other by giving comments, suggestion on the collected data;
• the collected data implies that all information should recorded in numeric form as a raw data.

•After that was done, the data was organized, analyzed, and presented through tables, words and etc .
Variables of the Study
Dependent variables
 Hygiene and sanitation problems
 Maternal and neonatal, child health problems
Major communicable disease and morbidity and mortality problems .

Independent variables
Health care delivery system
Socio economic states of the population
Educational status
Socio cultural factors
Demographic factors sex, age, religion.
Problem identification and prioritization

Group proposal and action plan for intervention

•After identifying the problems of the society,
• the students must full fill their responsibility in collaboration with the
collage, governmental and non-governmental organization.
 OBSERVATION
•In addition to the above the following are also major problems:
Lack of water supply
Poor environmental sanitation
Poor family planning
Poor hygiene
Lack of hard work
The people are poorly organized and hence assisted by kebele administration.
Shortage of latrine construction land scarcity of clean water
There is no enough health services
Sufficient training is not given to the people
People and livestock live in single house
 A. problem that can be alleviated together with community and students

• In the next phase we will try to give the following technical advice from our
previous knowledge, by asking support from other knowledgeable people
concerning this problem or else by referring books related to this condition:

 How to store and collect solid and liquid wastes in a safe way.
 How to prevent and control various human and zoonotic diseases.
 Creating awareness on waste management and how they improve environmental
sanitation.
 Creating awareness on disease prevention and control method rather than
treating.
 B. problems that need inputs from the college

• Since some problems of the community are scarcity of service such as health
services, water supply, marketing, transportation services, clinic and other
services, the college must help to alleviate such problems of the society.

• In addition to this the college may advise a way to motivate community by

giving award for those who show a better management in the field of waste
management, crop production and other activity performed there.
 C . Problems that needs external assistance

 Nowadays there are a number of associations that provide fund to help economically poor society.
We can play a role in this regard:-

 To direct a given institution to the society or-

 To direct a society to the given institution

As we asked the communities during the program they said that “Even if there are many services like;
health services, training on prevention of disease and waste management, financial services and so on,
 in the kebele it doesn’t support all people equally and fairly.
 Result
I. Socio-Demographic Information and Educational Status
 According to the information obtained from the result of household interview
98.15% of respondents were found to be single married and 1.85% were
Divorced, all the respondent ethnicity is Amhara and among the respondent of 54
households 30 (55.56%) of them are males.

 Some of them are kindergarten, learned up to grade 1-8(primary school) and the
remains are secondary school and above (certificated).
Result cont..
Nearly 70.37% of the family respondents were found in age group under 65 years
old.
while only about 29.63% of the family respondents had chance to live for more
than 64 and above years old.
Almost 59.26% of family members were between the ages of 15 to 64 years old
and were productive (independent). 
From this status we are conclude that independent were more than dependent
which are workforce.
 Result
Socio demographic information
Chart Title

Sex Male Sex Female

Socio-demographic information

Chart Title

Religion Orthodox Religion Islam

 II. Economy

According to the respondents, the major source of family income is based on family level
which includes
1. Trading,
2. Governmental organization ,
3. private organization,
4. mixed(Agriculture and Animal husbandry) and
other means of generating income such as 
*Daily labor,
*handcraft,
*selling fuel wood and charcoal and
other sources of income respectively in order of their importance.
IV. Culture

 Stable Food and Food taboo

o Injera, (teff, wheat or barely injera) and, bread (kita) mainly made of wheat were
found to be some of the stable foods.

o The community in the study area also uses barely. In line with Food Taboo,
porcine meat, pig and equine meat and any harem (bad) things was not eaten by
community because such foods were forbidden by their culture and religion.
DISCUSSION
•According to our study 96.3% of households had latrine, while EDHS 2011data
showed relatively lower number of households (62% of house hold) but not
appropriate latrine utilization. This may be due to inadequate health education about
latrine construction and utilization by co- coordinating health extension worker,
health development army, health center, also health office.
•In our study 52% and 36%of of house hold had no solid and liquid waste disposal
pit respectively, but according to Amhara regional state health be roué 2012 annual
reported slow performance in inspection of solid and liquid waste disposal pit was
84%and 88% respectively.
• According to our study there is no maternal death related to pregnancy and
delivery but the maternal mortality rate of Ethiopia is 676 deaths from 100,000
•According to our study there is no maternal death related to pregnancy and delivery
but the maternal mortality rate of Ethiopia is 676 deaths from 100,000 live births
according to EDHS 2011.

• The result may indicate that health extension worker, woreda health office,
hospital and other supporters of community create awareness on community health

•In our finding, TB fully immunization coverage was low (60%). This may be due
to urban health extension workers didn’t give immunization service, and low
community awareness about immunization default.
CONCLUSION

•CBTP, Community Based Training Program, is a branch of community based education (CBE) uniquely
practiced in University of Gondar. This program benefited both the students and the society.

•CBTP help the students to gain practical knowledge other than the academic one.

•Community based training program is one of the problem solving techniques that designed to benefit the
community and students.

•CBTP phase I consists an important procedure which is great input for CBTP phase II in identification of
the communities problem and ordering it. Most health extension packages were not properly utilized.
•CBTP have been developed for the purpose of improving communities problem by

Direct observation and collection of data from the farmers

Organize and analyze the collected data and
Presentation of the organized and analyzed data for future intervention.
Generally, CBTP for its more important program carried out by preparation of
training program for farmers and demonstration site for new technologies in
comfortable place and/or situation.
RECOMMENDATION
• The following recommendations were forwarded.
 The town administration and woreda health office with concerned stakeholders should work;

 to improve the awareness of the community about proper placement;

 utilization of liquid and solid waste burning materials, kitchen and latrine utilization, and alternate energy
source for cooking.

 The health office stake holder should work to create awareness about immunization. .
 Health care providers:- to teach hand washing.

 For those working in Family planning:-to teach the different forms of family
planning.

 The government should alleviate health services and other extension center

 Policy of waste management system must be expanded

 The kebele should participate simultaneously for achievements of the program

Action Plan
 From the problems identified before;

 shortage of water and lack of awareness toward the technology is the most and
that will be facilitated through motivating and giving training for communities by
students, DA, College or Universities,

 Advise to change the ideological back ground of some kebele workers on their
giving service for the community.

 Creating awareness on human disease prevention and control methods.

 • The linkage b/n DA and other employers and also community should strengthen
through governmental organization or nongovernmental organization (NGO)
Motivation, Technical support and supervision should be given to the
community.
• NGOS should be invited to kebele for motivation of sanitation activity and
appropriate use of latrine facilities.

• Since there is a lack of income and knowledge about saving, creating means of
credit availability based on their interest for assistance of poor community should
be applied in the kebele.
Action plan for CBTP II

• Problems that can be raised together with the community and students are:
 Give skill development training on modern practices in different aspects
specially on sanitation technology systems.
 Participate and facilitate in the control of different disease by constructing health
center in the community.
 Train the community on wise use of sanitary facilities.
 Training on simple water treatment.
 Train the community to change their thought on education

Problems that need input from the university of Gondar:

• Research based on disease.
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THANK YOU!