Structures must have sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand internal forces caused by applied loads. Loads generate stresses in structural elements, and the elements must not rupture under peak stresses. Designers must consider all potential load scenarios and ensure stress levels do not exceed material strengths.
Structures must have sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand internal forces caused by applied loads. Loads generate stresses in structural elements, and the elements must not rupture under peak stresses. Designers must consider all potential load scenarios and ensure stress levels do not exceed material strengths.
Structures must have sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand internal forces caused by applied loads. Loads generate stresses in structural elements, and the elements must not rupture under peak stresses. Designers must consider all potential load scenarios and ensure stress levels do not exceed material strengths.
• Strength mainly depends upon material properties and
the strength of a material depends on its capacity to withstand all the stress. • The application of load to a structure generates internal forces in the elements and external (reaction) forces at main frame the foundations. • The elements and foundations must have sufficient strength and rigidity to resist these. • They must not rupture when the peak load is applied. Internal force • The requirement for sufficient strength can be achieved by ensuring the levels of stress (which occur in the stres various elements of a structure) are within acceptable s limits when the peak loads are applied. • The assessment of the loads that will act on The roof truss carrying roof dead load, gravitational imposed load and wind load a structure involves the prediction of all different Snow (gravitational circumstances which will cause load to the building in imposed load) its lifetime and the estimation of the greatest Tile(dead magnitudes of these loads. load)
• The structural elements of a building direct the loads
to the foundation. Occupants and furniture • The structural elements must have sufficient strength (gravitational imposed load) and rigidity to resist the internal forces which the loads Wind causing pressure load will cause. • The structure will collapse if the stress levels exceed Floor carrying dead load and imposed load the strength of the material. • The designer must anticipate all of these possibilities and investigate all likely combinations of them. Imaginary cut The ‘imaginary cut’ is a device for exposing internal forces Imaginary cut and rendering them susceptible to equilibrium analysis. In the simple beam shown here shear force and bending moment are the only internal forces required to produce equilibrium in the element isolated by the cut. These are the only internal forces that act on the cross-section at which the cut was made. In the case of the portal frame, axial thrust is also required at the cross-section exposed by the cut.