Organizational

Behavior
FACILITATED BY
MS. JAVERIA SATTAR
Personality & Values
Recap

Highlights
Personality
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
The Big Five Personality Model
Other Personality Traits Relevant to OB
Personality & Situations
Personality & Values

What is personality?

The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and

interacts with others.
Personality & Values

Measuring Personality
Personality tests are useful in hiring decisions.
Help managers forecast who is best for a job.
The most common means of measuring personality is through
self-report surveys, with which individuals evaluate themselves
on a series of factors.
Personality & Values
Personality Determinants
Heredity
Factors determined at conception; one’s biological,
physiological, and inherent psychological makeup.
Personality Traits
Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s
behavior.
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
A personality test that taps four characteristics and
classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.
Most widely used personality-assessment instrument in the
world.
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Individuals are classified as:
i. Extroverted or Introverted (E/I)
ii. Sensing or Intuitive (S/N)
iii. Thinking or Feeling (T/F)
iv. Judging or Perceiving (J/P)

Classifications combined into 16 personality types (i.e., INTJ

or ESTJ)
The Big Five Personality Model
A personality assessment model that taps five basic
dimensions.
i. Extraversion
ii. Agreeableness
iii. Conscientiousness
iv. Emotional Stability/ Neuroticism
v. Openness to Experience
 The Big Five Personality Model
A personality assessment model that taps five basic
dimensions.
i. Openness to Experience
ii. Conscientiousness
iii. Extraversion
iv. Agreeableness
v. Neuroticism/ Emotional Stability
 The Big Five Personality Model
Openness to Experience
A personality dimension that characterizes someone in terms of
imagination, sensitivity, and curiosity. Such people are creative.
Those who are not open they are conventional and often feel
comfort with the familiar things.
Conscientiousness
It’s a measure of reliability. A personality dimension that
describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent,
and organized. People with low degree of it focus on numerous
goals due to which they aren’t organized, disciplined and are
irresponsible.
The Big Five Personality Model
Extraversion
A personality dimension describing someone who is sociable,
gregarious, and assertive. They can be successful in the field of
sales, public relation etc. while introverts can be successful in
careers involving research and development.
Agreeableness
A personality dimension that describes someone who is good
natured, cooperative, and trusting. People who score low on
agreeableness are cold and disagreeable.
The Big Five Personality Model
Emotional Stability/ Neuroticism
A personality dimension that characterizes person’s ability to
withstand stress. Such people are generally calm, self-
confident, secure (positive). Those who have low emotional
stability have mood swings and reacts on situations easily. They
are usually nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative).
The Dark Triad
Previous traits were socially desirable but there some traits
which are socially undesirable traits, which we are also relevant
to organizational behavior:
i. Machiavellianism
ii. Narcissism
iii. Psychopathy
Owing to their negative nature, researchers have labeled these
as the Dark Triad.
The Dark Triad
Machiavellianism
The degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains
emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means.
Narcissism
The tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-
importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of
entitlement.
Psychopathy
The tendency for a lack of concern for others and a lack of guilt
or regret when actions cause harm.
Other Personality Traits Relevant to OB

Core Self-evaluation
Bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their
capabilities, competence, and worth as a person.
Self Monitoring
A personality trait that measures an individual’s ability to
adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.
Other Personality Traits Relevant to OB

Proactive Personality
People who identify opportunities, show initiative, take
action, and persevere until meaningful change occur.
Personality & Situations

The effect of particular traits on organization

behavior depends on the situation
Two frameworks
i. Situation Strength Theory
ii. Trait Activation Theory
Personality & Situations
Situation Strength Theory
A theory indicating that the way personality translates into
behavior depends on the strength of the situation
Components of situation strength
i. Clarity
ii. Consistency
iii. Constraints
iv. Consequences
Personality & Situations
Trait Activation Theory
A theory that predicts that some situations, events, or
interventions “activate” a trait more than others.
Personality & Situations