Kruskal-Wallis Test

Reported by:
Maryann C. Cantos, LPT
Rex Bathan, LPT
 Key words:
• nominal variable- A variable with values which have
no numerical value, such as gender or occupation.
• one-way anova- The one-way analysis of variance
(ANOVA) is used to determine whether there are any
statistically significant differences between the means
of three or more independent (unrelated) groups. This
guide will provide a brief introduction to the one-way
ANOVA, including the assumptions of the test and
when you should use this test.
• SSPS- Statistical Package for Social Sciences
 The Kruskal-Wallis test is a nonparametric
(distribution free) test, and is used when the
assumptions of one-way ANOVA are not
met.  Both the Kruskal-Wallis test and one-
way ANOVA assess for significant differences
on a continuous dependent variable by a
categorical independent variable (with two
or more groups). 
 In the ANOVA, we assume that the
dependent variable is normally distributed and
there is approximately equal variance on the
scores across groups.  However, when using the
Kruskal-Wallis Test, we do not have to make any
of these assumptions.  Therefore, the Kruskal-
Wallis test can be used for both continuous and
ordinal-level dependent variables.  However, like
most non-parametric tests, the Kruskal-Wallis
Test is not as powerful as the ANOVA.
• Null hypothesis: Null hypothesis assumes that
the samples (groups) are from identical
populations.
• Alternative hypothesis: Alternative hypothesis
assumes that at least one of the samples
(groups) comes from a different population
than the others.
 When do we use Kruskal-Wallis Test?
• The most common use of the Kruskal–Wallis
test is when you have one nominal variable
 and one measurement variable, an
experiment that you would usually analyze
using one-way anova, but the measurement
variable does not meet the normality
 assumption of a one-way anova. 
Why do we use Kruskal-Wallis Test?
• The Kruskal-Wallis H test (sometimes also
called the ”one-way ANOVA on ranks”) is a
rank-based nonparametric test that can be
used to determine if there are statistically
significant differences between two or more
groups of an independent variable on a
continuous or ordinal dependent variable.
What is the Formula for Kruskal Wallis Test?

Click Here
 Sources:
• https://
statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/one-way
-anova-statistical-guide.php
• http://
www.biostathandbook.com/kruskalwallis.html
• https://www.spss-tutorials.com/spss-kruskal-
wallis-test-simple-tutorial-with-example
/
• https://
support.minitab.com/en-us/minitab-express/1