TOPIC 5

This topic explains the

demolition and
renovation works,
underpinning works
and safety factors in
execution of the
works.

DEMOLITION AND RENOVATION WORKS

ARRANGED BY: PN NURUL ASHIKIN BT MOHAMMAD SHUHAIMI

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WATCH!

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 SLIDE CONTENTS 5.1

5.1 EXPLAIN DEMOLITION AND

RENOVATION WORKS

• Describe the demolition works, renovation

works, extension works and maintenance.
• List the purpose, scope and requirement of the
above.
• Explain the operation sequence in the
demolition & renovation works.

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 DEFINITION : DEMOLITION

• Demolition can be defined as part of construction on site,

Rina , what is the meaning of
which involved, upgrading the existing structures, “Demolition”
renovation works and refurbishment

• Demolition means dismantling, razing, destroying or

wrecking any building or structure or any part by pre-
planned and controlled methods.

• Demolition is the tearing-down of buildings and other

structures.
• For demolition type it can divided into two categories first
is fully demolition and partially demolition.
Based on the Oxford Fajar dictionary demolition
means to “ pull to or knock down a building ”,
and another meaning for demolition is a “ highly
skilled and dangerous activity in terms of
damage to life and property”.
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case

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DEMOLITION

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DEMOLITION

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REGULATION

The content:
a. Demolition process
b. Methods
c. Machinery used

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CAUSES OF DEMOLITION

• Commercials
• Structure problems
• Aesthetic
• Environment ( near slopes )
• Human health
• Population density
• Human safety
• Adjacent buildings
• Building new buildings
• Traffic
• Renovation
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 THE PURPOSE
Unsafe buildings occupied or used. Area of existing buildings to be erected a
Example: Building a 100-year-old can new building or infrastructure projects to
be categorized as unsafe to use. be developed by the government.

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 THE PURPOSE
The buildings were built, not according Buildings that have been built illegally or
to the in-laws enforced by the Building without approval from the relevant parties.
and Local authorities.

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 THE PURPOSE

• The structure which have already passed their

design life need to be constructed, for safety and
operational requirements.
• The old structures need to be demolished for
replacement by new structures.
• Small structures can be demolished by manual
methods but machinery and advanced
techniques are required for demolition of bigger
structures.
• Advanced techniques are also required for faster
demolition and demolition in confined areas. 12
DEMOLITION TYPES

FULL
• demolish the whole
structure
PARTIAL
• demolition of certain parts
of the building structure 13
DEMOLITION
Plan Demolition (e.g. Survey
Start of Demolition Project
structure and Surrounding)

Prioritize Demolition Criteria

SEQUENCE
Select Demolition Technique

No Does Technique
satisfy the
criteria?

Implement Selected Demolition

Technique 14
DEMOLITION PROCESS
BEFORE DEMOLITION DURING DEMOLITION AFTER DEMOLITION

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 DEMOLITION PROCESS
BEFORE DEMOLITION DURING DEMOLITION AFTER DEMOLITION
1. install site precautionary measures 1. clear debris and level site
1. identify site locations, special site restrictions 2. remove hazardous materials 2. secure boundaries
and impact of special buildings 3. inform site personnel the specifics 3. protect all excavations
2. identify buildings/structures to be demolished and precautionary measures 4. for sloping site and/or site with
3. verify dimensions of site and building d. 4. establish emergency access retaining wall
identify hoardings requirements 5. establish line of communication to 5. seal ground surface
supervisor 6. provide surface drainage
4. verify building construction, types of materials
6. progress work in accordance with 7. provide demolition plan to the
5. verify existing fixtures method statements approved foundation contractor for
6. verify the building use 7. remove debris to avoid maintaining the supports.
7. verify utilities location accumulation
8. prepare demolition schedule 8. control dust emission
9. test and remove hazardous materials 9. adequate supervision
10. protect party walls
10.identify the safety measures for protection of
11. ensure workers follow safety
the public 
procedures
11.arrange for debris handling 12. ensure machines and equipment
12.prepare demolition plan are well maintained.
13.prepare stability report with calculations 13. provide security
14.apply consent (also submit supervision plan, 14. schedule regular inspection and
names and details of Technically Competent maintenance of scaffolding.
Persons.
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 THE SEQUENCE

Demolition sequence shall be determined based on actual site condition,

restraints, building layout, structural layout and its construction. In general, the
following sequence shall apply:
1. UTILITIES disconnection. Electricity, plumbing water
lines, drainage connection etc..
2. All cantilevered structures, canopies, verandahs and
features attached to the external walls shall first be
demolished prior to demolition of main building and its
internal structures on each floor.
3. When demolishing the roof structure, all lift machine
rooms and water tanks at high level shall be demolished
in ‘top down’ sequence to the main roof level. 17
THE SEQUENCE

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 THE SEQUENCE

3. Demolition of the floor

slabs shall begin at mid
span and work towards
the supporting beams.

Reinforced concrete floor slab shall be

demolished by gradually breaking
away the concrete. The reinforcement
shall remain and be cut off after the
concrete is broken away.
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 THE SEQUENCE

Columns and load bearing walls shall be

4. Floor beams shall be demolished demolished after removal of beam on
in the order of cantilevered top
beams, secondary beams and then
main beams.
5. Non-load bearing walls shall be
removed prior to demolition of
load bearing walls.

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THE SEQUENCE

If site conditions permit, the first

floor slab directly above the
ground floor may be demolished
by machine standing on the
ground.

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 Let’s answer the questions in the
next activity to test our
knowledge

State whether the following questions are True or False.

1. Commercials, aesthetic, human health, human safety,

build new building are the example of the causes of
demolition.

2. Demolition processes have 3 situations; it is before,

during and after.

3. Demolition means to “pull to or knock down a

building”, and another meaning for demolition is a “highly
skilled and dangerous activity in terms of damage to life and
property”.
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TYPES AND WAYS OF DEMOLITION
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DEMOLITION METHOD

Demolition methods can vary depending on the

following:
• The area where it will be held on
• Time available
• The building material
• The purpose of the demolition and
• The way that debris is going to
be disposed

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DEMOLITION METHOD

MANUAL METHOD Example:

• Manual methods are carried out
top down, proceeding, in general,
from the roof to ground.
• The sequence of demolition may
vary, depending on:
1. Site conditions and
2. Structural elements to be
demolished
• Reinforced concrete
building: jack hammers to
break down the concrete.
• Oxy-acetylene torch: to
cut the reinforcements.
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DEMOLITION METHOD

By MACHINES
• Demolition is done by mechanical plant.
• The demolition begins with the lifting of the mechanical plant
on to the building top floor.
• When rope or tie wire is used for pulling, the workers shall be
protected or stay away from the area.
• Adequate propping shall be installed at floor levels below the
working floor.
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DEMOLITION OF BUILDING BY TOP
DOWN- BY MACHINES

Demolition of Slabs and Beams Continue Demolition of Slabs and Beams

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 DEMOLITION OF BUILDING BY TOP
DOWN- BY MACHINES

An access ramp to allow machine to Demolition of interior column

climb down to the next floor below
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DEMOLITION OF BUILDING BY TOP
DOWN- BY MACHINES

Cut external wall & column Pull down wall section

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 DEMOLITION OF BUILDING BY
WRECKING BALL

• The wrecking ball application consists of

a crane equipped with a steel ball.
• The destruction of the building is by the
impact energy of the steel ball suspended
from the crawler crane.
• Recommended techniques for the
wrecking ball operations include
1. Vertical Drop - free falling of the
wrecking ball onto the structure and
2. Swing in line - swinging of the ball
in-line with the jib. 30
 DEMOLITION OF BUILDING BY
WRECKING BALL

• The wrecking ball operates outside the

building.
• This method is suitable for dilapidated,
silos and industrial building.
• The operation requires substantial clear
space. The application also demands high
level skill operators and well maintained
equipment.

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Hydraulic pusher arm

• Articulated, hydraulically-powered
pusher-arm machines are normally
mounted on a tracked or wheeled
chassis, and have a toothed plate or
hook for applying for applying a
horizontal force to a wall.
• The machine should stand on a firm
level base and apply force by a
controlled movement of the pusher
arm.

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Dynamite

• If explosives are to be used for demolition, the planning and

execution, include pre- weakening, should be under the
control of a person competent in these techniques.
• For large demolition, the competent person is likely to be an
experienced explosive engineer; for smaller work, a shot-
firer may be sufficient.
• When the use of explosives is contemplated, it is usual to
employ a technique that will ensure the total demolition of
the whole building by staging a controlled collapse.
• The explosive charges are set and fired in a sequence that
will weaken the structure in such a way that the building
collapses in upon itself.
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VIDEO TOP TO DOWN DEMOLITION

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VIDEO TOP TO DOWN DEMOLITION

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 Complete the sentences below by providing the correct answers.
Let’s answer the questions in the
activity to test our knowledge
1. Demolition means…………………..
2. Demolition techniques may be categorized as ………………
3. Manual and Machinery components are ………………………
4. List the machinery’s components. Write your answers in the
space below.
a) ………………………….
b) ………………………….
c) …………………………..
d) …………………………..
5. Who should be allowed close to the working area?

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RENOVATION
• Renovation (also called remodeling) is the
process of improving a broken, damaged,
or outdated structure.
• Renovation are typically either
commercial or residential
• Additionally, renovation can refer to
making something new, or bringing
something back to life and can apply in
social contexts
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RENOVATION PROCESS
• The processes and services required for renovations
are quite specific and, once plans are signed off,
building a new home is relatively predictable
• The renovation process can usually be broken down
into several processes:
 Planning
 Designing
 Engineering/ structural repair
 Rebuilding
 Finishes

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 RENOVATION vs REMODEL
• Restore to a good state of repair
• Resurrect structure from a state
of disrepair
• Can often be subtle, improving
on the existing building or house
• Often refers to “restoring” or
“repairing” an existing structure,
replacing the old with the new
• To change the structure or form
of something
• Change the appearance,
structure, or function of a room
• To improve or transform the
existing design and layout of  a
room
• Often refers to “changing” or
“transforming” a building or
home
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UNDERPINNING
• Whenever a new building is to be built especially
in urban areas,it is quite common to have the
foundations lower than the foundations of
adjacent buildings.
• It is therefore essential that the stability of the
existing building(s) is safeguarded by performing
underpinning as well as shoring that care and
forethought should be undertaken if these
operations are to be successfully carried out. 
• Only highly skillied and experienced personnel or
companies should perform these operations.
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DEFINITION
• It is a broad term to describe the process of
modifying an existing foundation by adding
support.
• It can also be described as the installation of
temporary or permanent support to an existing
foundation to provide either additional depth or
an increase in bearing capacity.(Nemati 2007).
• Underpinning can also be reffered to as a
process of strengthening the foundation of an
existing building or other
structure(wikipedia,the free encyclopedia).
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REASONS FOR UNDERPINNING
• Construction of a new project with a deeper
foundation adjacent to an existing building.
• To enable the foundations to be deepened for
structural reasons e.g to construct a basement
or addition of another storey to the building.
• To support a structure that is sinking or tilting
due to poor soil or instability of the
superstructure.
• Change in use of a structure. 
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REASONS cont

• As a safeguard against possible settlement of a structure when

excavating close to or below its foundation level.
• To support a structure while making alteration to its foundations or
main supporting members. 
• To increase the width of a foundation to permit heavier loads to be
carried e.g when increasing the height of a building with new levels.
• To enable a building to be moved bodily to a new site.
• Settlement of an existing structure.

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UNDERPINNING METHODS

• There are numerous methods that can be used when

underpinning.
• Each methods having its own specific soil and loading
conditions where its application is most effective. 
• In some cases constructability can also determine the system
to be used.
• Each method have also its own advantages and disadvantages
depending on the specific characteristics of the project.
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 Mass Concrete
Underpinning
•  This underpinning method strengthens an existing
structure's foundation by digging boxes by hand
underneath and sequentially pouring concrete in a
strategic order. 
• The result is a foundation built underneath the
existing foundation. 
• This underpinning method is generally applied when
the existing foundation is at a shallow depth, but
works well up to fifty feet (fifteen meters) deep. 
• The method has not changed since its inception with
its use of utilitarian tools such as shovels and
posthole diggers. 
• Heavy machinery is not employed in this method due
to the small size of the boxes being dug.
•  There are several advantages to using this method
of underpinning, including the simplicity of the
engineering, the low cost of labor, and the continuity
of the structure's use during construction.
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TO BECONTINUE….

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