Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Dr. Manish Mishra

Trinity School of Medicine
Email: mmishra@trinityschoolofmedicine.org
 Learning Objectives

 Overview of cell cycle and cell division.

 Elucidation of the different phases of cell cycle.
 Outline of the various cyclin proteins and cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) to control
the cell cycle.
 Understanding the two types of cell divisions: Mitosis and Meiosis.
 Elucidation of different phases of Mitosis and their characteristics.
 Overview of different phases of Meiosis and their characteristics.
 To understand the different phases of prophase I.
 Comparing the mitosis, meiosis I and meiosis II.
 Overview
 Cell cycle: is the series of events that take place in a cell, leading to
duplication (replication) and its division into two daughter cells;
 Prokaryotes – (no nucleus) occurs by process called binary fission
 Eukaryotes – (nucleus) occurs through various stages
 Cell division: process by which a parent cell divides into two or more
daughter cells (Its part of the cell cycle). Two Types:
1. Mitosis (vegetative): occurs in somatic cells,
Normally results in two daughter cells each with chromosomes and
genes identical to those of parent cell (diploid= 2n)
2. Meiosis (reductive): occurs only in the cells of the germ line,
Results in the formation of gametes (haploid= n)
Cell Cycle
Control Of
Cell Cycle
Summary of Mitosis and Meiosis
Summary of Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis
Meiosis
Meiosis
 Prophase 1
Divided into five phases:
1. Leptotene: condensation of chromatin, Formation of
chromomeres and homology search take place
2. Zygotene: pairing of homologous chromosomes along its entire
length (synapsis), They are held together by synaptonemal
complex for proper recombination.
3. Pachytene: formation of tetrad (sometimes called as bivalent).
(recombination), Crossing over of homologous chromosomes
involving both chromatids.
4. Diplotene: chiasmata (crossing over points) visible because of
breaking up of synaptonemal complex.
5. Diakinesis: chromosomes reach maximal condensation
Comparison