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Modul 3 - Contoh PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE-1
Modul 3 - Contoh PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE-1
Looseness
Problem!
Signal Processing Flow
Transducer
Waveform
Amplitude
Time
FFT
Spectrum
Amplitude
0 Time
360 degrees
-
Rotation
1 revolution
3600 rpm = 3600 cycles per minute
60 Hz = 60 cycles per second
1 order = one times turning speed
Time Waveform
Amplitude
+
0 Time
-
1000 rpm 1 revolution
4 blades = vibration occurs 4 times per revolution
4 x 1000 rpm = vibration occurs at 4000 cycles per minute
= 4000 cpm
Time Waveform
Amplitude
+
12 tooth
gear 0 Time
-
1 revolution
1000 rpm
12 teeth are meshing every revolution of the gear
12 x 1000 rpm = vibration occurs at 12,000 cycles per minute
= 12,000 cpm = 200 Hz
+
0 Time
-
+
0 Time
+
0 Time
-
Complex Time Waveform
0 Time
-
Complex Time Waveform
Time Waveform contains all the different frequencies
mixed together
0 Time
- 1x
Frequency
0 Time
- 4x Frequency
+ Time
0
- 12x Frequency
ROLLER BEARING EXAMPLE
Bearing Fault Frequencies
Function of the Geometry of the Bearing
Outer Race
(BPFO)
Inner Race
(BPFI)
Ball Spin
(BSF)
Cage (FTF)
OUTER RACE
BALL
INNER RACE
CAGE
1 d roll 1 d d
FFT f1 (1 cos . ) BSF f1. c (1 roll cos . )
2 dc 2 d roll dc
1 5 1 7 5
FFT .1500(1 x0,96) BSF .1500 x (1 x0,96)
2 7 2 5 7
325,5 RPM
232,5 RPM
1 d
BPFI f1 (1 roll cos . ).Z
2 dc
1 5
BPFI .1500(1 x0,96).8
2 7
10114 RPM
Rolling Element Bearing Problem
X : Rotor frequency
VIBRATION EXCITING DOMINANT
SOURCE FREQUENCY PLANE
Defective inner race bpfi radial
single defect, small harmonics of bpfi
Defective inner racer bpfi, 1X radial
single defect, moderate harmonics of bpfi
Defective inner race, two bpfi, prominent radial
or three defects, small harmonics
Defective inner race, mul- bpfi, prominent radial
tiple small defects with harmonics
roughness around entire
race
Defective outer race bpfo, and radial
single defect, small harmonics
Defective outer race bpfo and radial
single defect, moderate harmonics
Fourth (4X) Coupling The phenomenon occure with coupling problem but
problem can also be bearing looseness, Resonance
possibilities in slower machines
NOTE : Single volute pump usually 3 or 5 vanes. Double volute pumps have even number of vanes. Non clog pump
normally have two vanes impeller.
spectrum of a rolling element bearing with
a worn outer race.
spectrum of a rolling element bearing with
an outer race crack
SIGNATURE ANALYSIS
1x 2x
4x
Radial
BELT FREQUENCY
HARMONICS
1X DRIVER
OR DRIVEN
1X RPM OF
ECCENTRIC
PULLEY
RADIAL
RADIAL
1X RPM
BELT RESONANCE
• Jika gap antara vanes dan casing tidak sama, Blade Pass Frequency
(BPF) dapat menghasilkan amplitudo tinggi
• BPF tinggi dapat terjadi jika impeller wear ring menjangkau (seizes
on) poros
• Eccentric rotor dapat menyebabkan amplitudo pada BPF berlebihan
HYDRAULIC AND
AERODYNAMIC FORCES
FLOW TURBULENCE
CAVITATION
1700 RPM
51 TEETH
31 TEETH
20 TEETH
2625 rpm
8 teeth GMF= 21k CPM
1500 rpm
14 teeth
14 teeth
1500 rpm
TIME WAVEFORM