Drill Bushings

Drill Bushings
• Bushings are used to guide drills, reamers and
other cutting tools into proper position on the
workpiece
• They are made of tool steel and are hardened to
RC60 to 64 to provide a wear resisting surface
• The length of the bushing should be
approximately twice the diameter of the bushing
hole
 Drill Bushings
• The diameter of bushing hole should be very
close to the diameter of the drill
• But it should not be so tight that the drill will drag
in the bushing
• A general rule for clearance between the drill
and the bushing wall is from 0.0005 to 0.001 in.
• Too great clearance may cause hole inaccuracy
• All bushings, except renewable, should have a
slight interference fit (about 0.0005 in.) into the
fixture or liner
 Drill Bushings
• If clearance is provided the distance between the
bottom of the bush and the face of the component
should not be less than 0.3D for twist drill, where
D equals the inside diameter of the drill bush.
• For heavy cuts when a considerable amount of
stock will be removed this clearance may be
increased to 0.5D.
• If D>3/16 in, then O=1.5D to 2D
• If D>3/16 in but < 1 in then L=1.5D to 2.5D
• If D> 1 in then L= 0.5D to 1.5D
Here O= Working outside diameter
And L= Overall length of the bush
 Drill Bushings
• The jig plate supporting the bushings must
be at least 1 ½ times as thick as the
diameter of the drill
• This is necessary to resist the cutting
forces
• The wall thickness of the bushing should
be able to easily withstand all the cutting
force.
 Types of Bushings
(1) Press-fit Bushings
(2) Liner Bushings
(3) Renewable Bushings
(4) Special Bushings

 Bushings are either shoulder (headed) or plain

 (1) Press-Fit Bushings
• They are used when the number of parts to be
produced does not necessitate the replacement of
the bushings during the life of the Jig
• So they are intended to remain in the jig until they
wear out
• They are for direct installation into the bushing
plate
• The O.D of Press Fit Bushings can be  supplied
with grinding stock for fitting in the Customer's
Plant or finish ground to a Press Fit size
• They are the least expensive and most popular
bushings. Generally used in single step drilling
(hole is produced with one tool)
 Plain Press-Fit Bushing
• Plain Press Fit Bushing is identical with the
Headed Press Fit Bushing except for the
omission of the head.
• They are used when
– the top of the Bushing be flush with the top of
the Jig Plate or
– the holes must be drilled close together in
such a way that shoulder bushings will
interfere with each other         
Plain Press Fit Bushing
 Headed Press Fit Bushing
Designated as type H, they can accept heavier
axial loads than type P bushings whether
mounted with the head above the fixture plate or
recessed into the fixture. Also available as
ungrounded with additional outside diameter
stock.
Headed Press-Fit Bushing
 Important Points
• Headed bushings are preferred to headless
because collar provides stop against jig plate.
• Also avoid looseness in the jig plate and sliding
axially with the drill.
• When the distance b/w holes is closed, headless
bushings are used.
• Press fit bushings are intended to remain in the
jig until they wear out

 Press-Fit Bushings are also used as liners for

renewable bushings
 (2) Liner Bushings
• Liner Bushings are also called Master Bushings
• They are pressed permanently into the Jig Plate
to facilitate the use of renewable type of Drill
Bushings
• Act as a hardened guide for both slip and
renewable type bushes.
• The Liner Bushings remain in place throughout
the life  of the Jig forming an accurate location
for the Renewable Drill Bushings.
• Their hardened condition protects the fixture
form the wear of repeated bushing replacement
Headless Liner Bushings
 Headed Liner Bushing
• Headed Liner Bushings are identical with the
Headless Liner Bushings except for the added
head
• These Liner Bushings can be used in the
same  manner as the headless type, but usually
necessitate counter boring  into the Jig to offset
the head thickness .
•  Designated as type HL, is used when excessive
axial loads or pounding would dislodge the
headless liner
Headed Liner Bushings
Headless & Headed Liner
Bushings
 (3) Renewable Bushings
• Bushings require periodic replacement because
of wear due to continuous contact with hard
cutting tool
• Renewable bushings are used in liners which in
turn are installed in the jig
• Use of liner in the jig plate provides hardened
wear resistant mating surface to the renewable
bush
• They can be assembled manually without any
press
• Due to wear, a retaining screw is removed and
worn bush is taken out.
• A new bush is then easily substituted.
 Types Of Renewable Bushings

 Fixed Renewable Bushings

 Slip Renewable Bushings

 Fixed Renewable Bushings
• They are intended to remain in the jig until
wearing out
• These bushings are provided with a flat on the
collar
• Flat arrests with the collar of the retainer shoulder
screw to prevent rotation
• The bush flange below the collar of the shoulder
screw prevents the bush getting lifted with the
cutting tool
• Clamps or lock screws are used to secure them in
the fixture.
Fixed Renewable Bushings
Fixed Renewable Bushings
• They are used where only one operation is
performed in each hole but where several
bushings must be used during the life of the tool.
• They also fit into the liner
 Slip Renewable Bushings
• Slip Renewable Bushings are used with Liner
Bushings when two or more operations such as
drilling, reaming, tapping etc. are performed with
the same jig or same location.
• The hole is first drilled using a bushing having
bore suitable for drill
• Then the drill bushing is removed and a reaming
bushing is used to guide the reamer by the help
of the radial lock mechanism (Turning it
counterclockwise and new bush installed by
turning it clockwise)
Slip Renewable Bushings
 Slip Renewable Bushings
Designated as type SF, these bushings are
mostly used when the number of holes drilled
will be greater than the expected life of the
bushing. Type SF is also used when a hole is
drilled, then a reaming or tapping operation is
required. By slipping the bushing out of the
liner another size may be installed for the next
operation to be performed. Clamps or lock
screws are used to secure them in the fixture.
 Slip Renewable Bushings
• This bushing is provided with a flat on the
head and a circular cutout in the flange to
facilitate quick assembly and removal
• For loading and unloading of the slip
bushing the cutout in the flange is aligned
with the collar of the retainer shoulder
screw
• Then the bushing can be rotated clockwise
for installation and anti-clockwise for
removal
Slip Renewable Bushings
 Some Important Points
• Slip renewable bushings are available with
several inside diameter sizes for each outside
diameter size
• Therefore the bushing may be used , removed,
and a larger ID bushing placed into the same
liner
• These slip renewable bushings are usually
knurled to aid in their removal and facilitate for
handling.
• The fixed renewable bushings are not knurled
 (4) Special Bushings
• Special Bushes are designed to do a specific job
For Example:
(i) Threaded or Screw Bushings (Clamping):
• used where it is necessary for the bushing to locating
and clamping the component as well as guide the drill
• its construction is expensive, so it is generally avoided
• It may be used as clamping and locating a
component.
 Special Bushings
(ii) Castable Bushings:
Castable Bushings are ideal for use in soft
materials such as aluminium or plastic and
provide greater resistance to rotational and
axial forces
 Special Bushings

(iii) Two or more holes may be so close

together that it is impossible to have
an individual standard bushing for each
hole
 Special Bushings
Solution:
(a) Use two or more holes in one
standard bushing
 Special Bushings
(b) One hole may be placed in an eccentric
bushing
The bushing is indexed 180˚ for drilling the
second hole
 Special Bushings
(c) Two standard bushings are modified for
close hole drilling
• A flat is ground on the body of each bushing
• The bushings are pressed into the bushing
plate and are prevented from turning by the
interlocking of two flats
 DIRECTED COOLANT
BUSHINGS:
Specially designed for heavy drilling
needing coolant to flush the chips away
from the drill and work piece. These slip
type bushings with coolant hole liners
ensure coolant flow directly on the drill
without the inconvenience of flexible lines .
 Special Bushings
(iv) Drill Bushing for curved surface:
Some times bottom of the bush requires
shaping to suit the profile of the component to
prevent deflection of the tool.
 Special Bushings
(v) Drill Bushing for inclined surface:
Clearance between the bottom of
bushing and top of the workpiece
• The more accurate the size of the machined
hole, the smaller the chip generated
• The smaller the chip generated, the closer
the bottom of the bushing should be to the
workpiece
• The sufficient clearance is one and half
times the tool diameter for required chip
clearance.
Clearance between the bottom of
bushing and top of the workpiece
 Drill Bush Materials
 The should resist cutting force (action of cutting
tool)
Upto 0.625in dia……. Silver steel
0.625in to 1.25in……….Cast steel
Above 1.25in dia………Case hardened mild steel
 The bore of the bush is generally lapped.
 Lapping is carried out with a fine abrasive
powder
 Polishing may be carried out.
 Purpose is to fine finish and improve working life
of bush, by removing irregularities due to
rubbing of two parts.
 Drill Bush Materials
 Bushes lives may be prolong by making hardened by
normal hardening process call Nitriding.
 The ferrous metal at red heat absorb nitrogen when it is
contact with ammonia.
 A finish between 1 and 5 micro-inches may be obtained
by this process.
 Process is carried out at 500 deg C for 50 to 100 hours
in an electric furnace.
 Can be achieve the case hardened depth of 0.03in.
 Nitrided bushes have superior the wearing qualities
compared to the case hardened steel bushes.
 Sometimes bushes are made by the hard materials like
cemented carbides, but are expensive.
 Questions
Identify these bushings
 Questions
Identify these bushings
 Questions
• What type of bushing each of the following
letter specifies
P H

S L

HL