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Chapter 2 Basic Financial Statements
Chapter 2 Basic Financial Statements
Chapter 2 Basic Financial Statements
BASIC FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
Introduction to Financial Statements
What is financial statement?
Because
Balance sheet provides investors with a snapshot of a company's
health as of the date provided on the financial statement.
If a company assets are large relative to liabilities, it's in
good shape. Conversely, if a company with a large amount of
liabilities relative to assets has risk to creditors.
The higher the debt ratio, the greater risk will be associated
with the firm's operation. In addition, high debt to assets ratio
may indicate low borrowing capacity of a firm, which in turn
will lower the firm's financial flexibility.
THE INCOME STATEMENT
What is Income Statement?
The income statement shows an information about the
revenues, expenses and profit that was generated as a result
of the business' operations for that period and it measures a
company's performance over a specific time frame.
business operations.
Cash from Investing: Cash used for investing in assets,
These accounting
Stable-Dollar principles support Going-Concern
Assumption cost as the basis Assumption
for asset valuation.
EXAMPLE TRANSACTION.ppt
Let’s analyze some transactions for Abeba’s Care Service company
On May 1, Abeba and her family invested $8,000 in her Care Service company
and received 800 shares of stock.
Cash +
Accts.
Rec. +
These
Tools &
Equip. + Truck
transactions
=
Notes
Payable +
Accts.
Pay. +
Capital
Stock
Retained
+ Earnings
May 1 $ 8,000 impact the $ 8,000
Balances $ 8,000 $ 8,000
May 2 (2,500) $ 2,500Statement of Cash
Balances $ 5,500 $ 2,500 $ 8,000
May 8 (2,000) $ Flows.
15,000 $ 13,000
Balances $ 3,500 $ 2,500 $ 15,000 $ 13,000 $ 8,000
May 11 300 $ 300
Balances $ 3,500 $ 2,800 $ 15,000 $ 13,000 $ 300 $ 8,000
May 18 $ 150 (150)
Balances $ 3,500 $ 150 $ 2,650 $ 15,000 $ 13,000 $ 300 $ 8,000
May 25 75 (75)
Balances $ 3,575 $ 75 $ 2,650 $ 15,000 $ 13,000 $ 300 $ 8,000
May 28 (150) These transactions (150)
Balances $ 3,425 $ 75 $ 2,650 $ 15,000 $ 13,000 $ 150 $ 8,000
May 29 750 impact the Income 750
Balances
May 31
$ 4,175
(50)
$ 75 $ 2,650 $
Statement.
15,000 $ 13,000 $ 150 $ 8,000 $ 750
(50)
Balances $ 4,125 $ 75 $ 2,650 $ 15,000 $ 13,000 $ 150 $ 8,000 $ 700
To explain how the income statement reports an enterprise’s financial
performance for a period of time in terms of the relationship of
revenues and expenses.
Balance Balance
Sheet Sheet
Income Statement
Statement of Cash Flows
Financial Statement Articulation
Abeba's Car service company
Statement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended May 31, 2007 Abeba's Car service company
Cash flows from operating activities: Income Statement
Cash received from revenue transactions $ 750
Cash paid for expenses (50)
For the Month Ended May 31, 2007
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 700
Cash flows from investing activities: Sales Revenue $ 750
Purchase of lawn mower $ (2,500)
Operating Expense:
Purchase of truck (2,000)
Collection for sale of repair parts 75 Gasoline Expense 50
Payment for repair parts (150) Net Income $ 700
Net cash used by investing activities (4,575)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Investment by owners 8,000
Increase in cash for month $ 4,125
Cash balance, May 1, 2007 -
Cash balance, May 31, 2007 $ 4,125
Abeba’s Care Service Company
Balance Sheet
May 31, 2007
Assets Liabilities
Cash $ 4,125 Notes payable $ 13,000
Accounts receivable 75 Accounts payable 150
Tools & equipment 2,650 Owners' Equity
Truck 15,000 Capital stock 8,000
Retained earnings 700
Total assets $ 21,850 Total liabilities & equity $ 21,850
Forms of Business Organization
Sole
Proprietorships Partnerships Corporations
Forms of Business Organization
Most business organizations are organized as a sole proprietorship, a
partnership or a corporation.
Sole proprietorship:- is unincorporated business owned by a
single person. It is separated from the other
affairs of its owner. It is common for small
retailer stores, farms, service business and
professional practices, like in law, medicine and
accounting.
Partnership: is unincorporated business owned by two or more
persons agree to act as partners (co-owners). It is widely
used for small business.
Corporation: is a type of business organization that is recognized
under the law as an entity separate from its owners.
GAAP can be applied to the financial statements of all three forms of
organization.
Characteristics of Business organizations
Sole proprietorship Partnership Corporation
Legal viewpoint Owner and business entity are not Owners and business entity Separate entity from owners
regarded as separate are not regarded as separate
Accounting viewpoint Business entity is separated from other Business entity is separated Business entity is separated
affairs of owner from other affairs of owners from other affairs of owners
Partners' equity
Alemu, capital $ 4,000
Partnerships Kebede, capital 4,000
Total partners' equity $ 8,000
Owners' equity
Capital stock $ 7,000
Corporations
Retained earnings 1,000
Total stockholders' equity $ 8,000