Lecture 4

Concentration Of Solution
3. Molality, m: is concentration expressed as moles of substance per
kilogram of solvent .

𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 =𝒎=
𝒌𝒈 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕
Example:
Example What is the molality of a solution containing 5.0g NaCl dissolved in 25.0g
(1) water?
Solution:
Solution :
𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
𝑴𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 ሺ𝒎ሻ=
𝒌𝒈 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 ሺ𝒈ሻ𝒐𝒇 𝑵𝒂𝑪𝒍 𝟓𝒈
𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 = 𝒈 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 ቀ ቁ𝒐𝒇𝑵𝒂𝑪𝒍 𝟓𝟖. 𝟒𝟒 𝒈/𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝒎𝒐𝒍

௹ 𝒎=
𝟎.𝟎𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝟐𝟓 𝒈 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓
×
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒈 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓
𝒌𝒈 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓
=
𝟑.𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝒌𝒈 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓
= 𝟑. 𝟒𝟒 𝒎
Expressing Concentrations
• For Solid Solutes in solid samples

• PPt 103

• PPm 106

• PPb 109
If the solute is dissolved in solution

• PPt 103

• PPm 106

• PPb 109
For Liquid Solutes

• PPt 103

• PPm 106

• PPb 109
The relationship between molarity, normality and part per million:-

M
Example(1):-
Calculate the weight percentage of solution prepare by mixing 5.0g AgNO 3 with 100mL water (density 1g/cm3).

• Solution:-
Example(2):-

A 2.6 g sample was analyzed and found to contain 3.6 ϻg zinc. Find the concentration of zinc in ppm
and ppb.

• Solution:-
• PPm 106
ppm Zn = 3.6 mg Zn/2.6 g sample = 1.4 ppm

ppb Zn = 3.6 x103 ng Zn/2.6 g sample = 1400 ppb

Example(3):-
What water weight required to dissolve 10 grams of sodium chloride to obtain a solution of equal weight
8.0%

• Solution:-

8.0% %
80 +8x = 1000
8x =1000 -80
X=115g
Example(4):-
Calculate the molar concentration for a sodium chloride Nacl solution that has a concentration

of 0.85%(w/v) if the volume of solution is 1000 ml.

• Solution:-
• Example(5):-

a) Calculate the molar conc. of 1.0 ppm solutions each of Li+ and Pb+2.

b) What weight of Pb(NO3)2 will have to be dissolved in 1 liter of water to

prepare a 100 ppm Pb+2 solution.

Solution:-

(a)

•
• (b)

•
Example(6):-

How can you prepare 5% NaOH solution ?

Example(7):-
How can you prepare 500ml of 5% NaOH solution ?