j.p.s.

public school

Physics project on:

TRANSFORMER
Submitted to: Submitted by: Kriti Kumari
Vijay Sir Class: XII
Roll No.: 18
 INDEX
• Certificate
• Acknowledgements
• Principle of transformer
• Introduction
• Construction
• Theory and working of transformer
• Uses of transformer
• Bibliography
 Certificate
This is to certify that Abhinav Shandilya,
student class XII, JPS PUBLIC SCHOOL,
SAHARSA has completed the project titled
Transformer during the academic year 2016-
2017 towards partial fulfillment of credit for
the Physics practical evalution of CBSE 2017,
and submitted satisfactory report, as compiled
in the following pages, under my supervision.
 Acknowledgements
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to
my physics mentor Mr. vijay sir, for his vital
support, guidance and encouragement,
without which this project would not have
come forth. I would also like to express my
gratitude to the other staff of the Department
of Physics for their support during the making
of this project.
 TRANSFORMER
PRINCIPLE
A Transformer based on the Principle of mutual induction according to this principle, the
amount of magnetic flux linked with a coil changed, an e.m.f. is induced in the
neighboring coil.
 INTRODUCTION
The transformer is a device used for converting
a low alternating voltage to a high alternating
voltage or a high alternating voltage into a low
alternating voltage.
 CONSTRUCTION
A transformer consists of a rectangular shaft iron core made of laminated sheets,
well insulated for ne another. Two coils p1 & p2 and s1 & s2 are wound on the
same core, but are well insulated with each other. Note that the both the coils are
insulated from the core, the source of alternating e.m.f. is connected to p1p2, the
primary coil and a load resistance R is connected to s1 s2, the secondary coil
through an open switch S. Thus there can be no current through the sec. coil so
long as the switch is open.

For an ideal transformer, we assume that the resistance of the primary &
secondary winding is negligible. Further, the energy loses due to magnetic the iron
core is also negligible.
 THEORY AND WORKING
OF TRANSFORMER
When an alternating e.m.f. is supplied to the primary coil p1p2, an a.c starts falling in it.
The alternating current in the primary produces a changing magnetic flux, which induces
alternating voltage in the primary as well as in the secondary. In a good transformer, whole
of the magnetic flux linked with primary is also linked with the secondary, and then the
induced e.m.f. in each turn of the primary. Thus if Ep and Es be the instantaneous values of
the e.m.f.’s induced in the primary and the secondary and Np and Ns are the no. of turns of
the primary secondary coils of the transformer and
Ep= -Np dфь/dt --------------------(1) AND
Es=-Ns dфь/dt --------------------(2)
Since the above relations are true at every instant, so by dividing 2 by 1, we get
Es/Ep=-Ns/Np --------------------(3)
As Ep is the instantaneous value of back e.m.f. induced in the primary coil p1, so the
instantaneous current in primary coil is due to the difference (E ­Ep ) in the Instantaneous
values of the applied and back e.m.f. further if Rp is the resistance o, p1p2 coil, then the
instantaneous current Ip in the primary coil is given by
Ip = E-Ep/Rp
E- Ep = IpRp
 USES OF TRANSFORMER
A transformer is used in almost all a.c. operations.
 In voltage regulator for T.V., refrigerator, computer, air conditioner
etc. In the induction furnaces.
 A step down transformer is used for
 Welding purposes
 Obtaining large current.
 For the production of X-Rays and Neon advertisement.
 Transformers are used in
 Voltage regulators and stabilized power supplies.
 The transmissions of a.c. over long distances.
 Small transformers are used in Radio sets, telephones, loud
speakers and electric bells etc.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Physics for class XII [NCERT]
• www.google.com
• www.cbse.com
Thank you!