 Name Zeeshan Abbas

 Roll No 13338
 Class BS(HONS) Statistics 7th semester

 Topic Name Cluster Sampling

 Supervisor
Name Dr.Hafiz
Muhammad Tahir
 Government College University
Faisalabad
Objectives

 What is cluster sampling

 Why we use cluster sampling
 Types of cluster sampling
 Advantages of cluster sampling
 Disadvantages of cluster sampling
 Applications of cluster sampling
 Difference between cluster sampling and
stratified sampling
What is cluster sampling

 Cluster sampling is a sampling plan used

when mutually homogeneous yet
internally heterogeneous groupings are
evident in a statistical population. It is
often used in marketing research. In this
sampling plan, the total population is
divided into these groups (known as
clusters) and a simple random sample of
the groups is selected.
 Cluster elements

The population within a cluster should ideally be as

heterogeneous as possible, but there should be
homogeneity between clusters
 Each cluster should be a small-scale representation
of the total population
 The clusters should be mutually exclusive and
collectively exhaustive. A random sampling
technique is then used on any relevant clusters to
choose which clusters to include in the study
Why we use cluster
sampling
 Cluster sampling is use when sampling frame
is not available
 Variation among cluster is smaller than
variation within cluster
Example

 An economic survey is designed to

estimate the average amount spend on
utalitizes for households in a
city.since no list of household is
available cluster sampling is used by
dividing the city into parts or blocks
forming clusters.
 Difference between
one-stage and two-
stage cluster sampling
 One-stage sampling. All of the elements
within selected clusters are included in the
sample.
 Two-stage sampling. A subset of elements
within selected clusters are randomly
selected for inclusion in the sample.
 Difference between
cluster sampling and
stratified sampling
 In cluster sampling the cluster is treated as the
sampling unit so sampling is done on a population
of clusters (at least in the first stage)
 In stratified sampling, the sampling is done on
elements within each strata. In stratified sampling,
a random sample is drawn from each of the strata,
whereas in cluster sampling only the selected
clusters are sampled
When cluster are of
different size
 When the clusters are of different
sizes, probability proportionate to size
sampling is used. In this sampling plan, the
probability of selecting a cluster is proportional
to its size, so that a large clusters has a greater
probability of selection than a small cluster
 When clusters are selected with probability
proportionate to size, the same number of
interviews should be carried out in each
sampled cluster so that each unit sampled has
the same probability of selection
Applications of cluster sampling

  Areasampling or geographical cluster
sampling
 It is used in quality control process
 It is used in natural disasters
Advantages

 Can be cheaper than other sampling

plans – e.g. fewer travel expenses,
administration costs.
 Thissampling plan takes large
populations into account. Since these
groups are so large, deploying other
sampling plan would be very costly.
Disadvantages

 Biased samples: If the group in

population that is chosen as a sample
has a biased opinion, then the entire
population is inferred to have the
same opinion. This may not be the
actual case.
Within Variance

N M
2
  ( yij  y.. )
2 i 1 j 1
s 
w
NM  1
Between Cluster Variance

_
N  
2
( y i.  y )
2
s 
b
i 1

N 1