Complex sentence

Complex sentence

One Independent /main

clause One or more than one Dependent /
subordinate clause

 Adjective clause
 Adverb clause
 Noun clause
 Example:

I know that Yudi came to Jakarta last week so

that he could be with his relatives who are his
older sister and her family.
 Noun clause • that Yudi came to Jakarta
last week
I know…. Adverb clause
• so that he could be with his
relatives
Adjective clause
• who are his older sister and
her family.
SUBORDINATE/ DEPENDENT
CLAUSE
MAIN/ INDEPENDENT (sebelum subject ada
CLAUSE connector/penghubung )
 Identify the independent and dependent clause in these
following complex sentence
1. the matter is that the demand for natural resources is derived from
the demand for products of such resources.
2. He argued that in competitive markets social interests are affected
and advanced by self-interest.
3. While Adam Smith placed emphasis on the production of income,
David Ricardo focused on the distribution of income among
landowners, workers and capitalists
4. The result was chronically low wages which were followed by the
low standard of living.
RELATIVE OR ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
 Relative or Adjective clause
Subordinate /dependent clause

COMPLEX SENTENCE
1. The lady who teaches in Political Science department is my mentor.

2. The man who(m) I saw was mr. Jones. RELATIVE

PRONOUN
3. The watch which Ken bought was expensive.

4. The lion which escaped last night was captured.

5. The day when I have my English class is Thursday.

6. I know the building where you have the English class.

Main clause Relative /adjective clause
7. The father whose child is missing is frantic!.
 THAT
1. The lady who teaches in Political Science department is my mentor.
THAT
2. The man who(m) I saw was mr. Jones. RELATIVE
THAT PRONOUN
3. The watchTHAT
which Ken bought was expensive.
ON WHICH

4. The day when I have THAT

my English
INWHICH class is Thursday.

5. I know the building where you have the English class.

6. The father whose child is missing is frantic!.

Main clause Relative /adjective clause
 Relative or Adjective clause
to give more information about noun, pronoun, or situation in
the main clause by using relative pronoun( connector).

Relative pronoun
Who
Whom
Which that
When/on which
Where/in which
Whose
 In writing
This morning, Sarah came late
in her morning class. She is
usually punctual. She stayed up
late to do her English task. It
must be submitted this
afternoon. Today she also has
to go to her friend’s house. It is
located in the downtown.
This morning, Sarah who is
usually punctual came late in
her morning class. She stayed
up late to do her English task
which must be submitted this
afternoon. Today she also has
to go to her friend’s house
where is located in the
downtown.
• I went to the concert of Celine Dion last night. She
sang like an angel. CONNECTOR
&SUBJECT
• I went to the concert of Celine Dion who sang
like an angel last night.
who for people

1. Find the noun 2. Decide which 3. Delete the 4. Add the relative
used in both clause is the main pronoun in the
noun
sentences and relative clause relative clause
The woman is the CEO. I called her last night.

CONNECTOR
The woman whom I called last night is the CEO
Who
informal

whom for people

We watched Dilan at Ani’s house last night. Dilan was a famous
movie in 2018
CONNECTOR
&SUBJECT
We watched Dilan which was a famous movie in 2018 at Ani’s house last
night.
CONNECTOR
Dilan which we watched at Ani’s house last night was a famous
movie in 2018.

which for thing

My favourite day is Sunday. My grandparents visit us that day.

CONNECTOR
My favourite day is Sunday when my grandparents visit us .

when for times

 I love to hang out in that café. I can get the free wifi there.

CONNECTOR
I love to hang out in that café where I can get the free
wifi.
where for place
 Adam could not find his jacket. Its price is expensive

CONNECTOR/
possessive
Adam could find his jacket whose price is expensive.

Whose ; possessive
Tony likes to fart in front of people. It is really disgusting.

CONNECTOR/SUBJECT

Tony likes to fart in front of people, which is really disgustin

Which: situation
 Relative or Adjective clause
to give more information about noun, pronoun, or situation in
the main clause by using relative pronoun( connector).
Relative pronoun
Who for people (subject)
Whom for people( object)
Which for thing/situation that
When/on which for times
Where/in which for place
Whose
 Relative or Adjective clause
to combine two sentences by using relative pronoun as the
connector
Relative pronoun
Who for people (subject)
Whom for people( object)
Which for thing/situation that
When/on which for times
Where/in which for place
Whose
• Saya suka tas yang dipajang di etalase toko
• I like that bag which is displayed at store front
 Complete the sentence
• I love the woman/man who………..
• The thing which …………
• The man whose car……….
• The party will be held on the day when….
• They still want to go the place where….
 NOUN CLAUSE
Subordinate /dependent clause

COMPLEX SENTENCE
 Example:

• I forgot the address

(noun )/object

• I forgot where he lives

(noun clause)/object
 Example:
• His love toward me surprises me
(noun )/subject

• That he loves me surprises me

(noun clause)/subject
 Example:
• I am curious about your reason to like him
(noun )object

• I am curious about why you like him

(noun clause)/object
 NOUN CLAUSE

Clause functions as …

SUBJECT AND OBJECT

CONNECTOR : W-H Questions
Who
Whom what she cooked was
Which delicious.
Where
When
Why
Whose The girl comes from where
how
many people there live in
poverty.
CONNECTOR : that
That
(bahwa)

That today is his birthday is not

right
CONNECTOR : whether/if
Whether/if
(Apakah)

I do not know whether he comes

or not
 Identify Noun Clauses
1.You know that you’re the
fastest runner on the team.
2.Whoever wins tomorrow’s race
will compete in the county
meet.
 Identify Noun Clauses
3. Coach Lazdowski certainly knows
when she can get the maximum
effort out of us.
4. What she does with this team is
quite impressive.
5. Why Jimmy didn’t try out for the
team is beyond me.
6. Only the individual involved can
decide whether he or she will try
out for a team.
7. I am worried about how much
they cost
 Complete the sentence
• I know what….
• The teacher announced when…
• I wonder why…..
• I don’t know whether …
• I am worried about how….
ADVERB CLAUSE
 Complex Sentence
Main connector Subordinate
Clause clause
Independent Adjective
Adverb
Dependent
Clause Noun clause
clause
clause
Clause
Adjective clause
Modify or explain noun or pronoun in the main claue

Noun clause
Subject or object for the main clause
Adverb clause
the car had been fixed before it was sold
When?
That woman was sacked from her job since she was incompentent
Why ?
• the car had been fixed before it was sold
• the car had been fixed before Sunday
Adverb : A word (TIME,PLACE ,MANNER)

Adverb clause :A clause

TIME PLACE MANNER PURPOSE RESULT

OPPOSITION REASON CONDITION

ADVERB CLAUSE CONNECTOR: TIME

You can leave the office as soon as you finish the report

BEFORE AFTER WHEN WHILE UNTIL SINCE

AS BY THE TIME ONCE WHENEVER

AS SOON AS

You can leave the office ……….

BEFORE
PREPOSITION
AFTER
I had slept before 9 o’clock
UNTIL
SINCE
CONNECTOR
AS
I had slept before the time shows 9 o’clock
ADVERB CLAUSE CONNECTOR: PLACE

Everywhere I go, I still can see your image

WHERE WHEREVER ANYWHERE EVERYWHERE

Everywhere I go, ………….

ADVERB CLAUSE CONNECTOR: MANNER

That poor boy ate as he had never eaten for days

AS AS IF AS TOUGH JUST AS LIKE

That poor boy ate ……………

ADVERB CLAUSE CONNECTOR :PURPOSE

I install the alarm in my house so that no one can break into my house
I install the alarm in my house so that no one can break into my house

SO THAT IN ORDER THAT IN ORDER TO

I install the alarm in my house …………………….

ADVERB CLAUSE CONNECTOR: RESULT

That cafe is such a lovely place that it is everyone’s place in town

That cafe is so lovely that it is everyone’s place in town

SO....(adjective/adverb)THAT SUCH....( noun) THAT

That cafe is such …………..that ……………..

ADVERB CLAUSE CONNECTOR: OPPOSITION

Although we had followed the map, we still got lost

ALTHOUGH WHILE THOUGH

WHEREAS EVEN THOUGH

we still got lost……………….

ADVERB CLAUSE CONNECTOR: REASON

Marcel is learning English since he wants to get scholarsip

BECAUSE SINCE NOW THAT

AS SO THAT

Marcel is learning English …………………..

ADVERB CLAUSE CONNECTOR: CONDITION

If I still fail to do it, I will just give up then

IF IN THE EVENT THAT PROVIDED THAT

UNLESS EVEN IF IN CASE THAT

ONLY IF

If I still fail to do it, ……………….