THE

HYPERBO
LA
 HYPERBOLA
Hyperbola is the set of all points in the plane which satisfy
the following properties:
 Get the distance from a point on the set to one
fixed point, and the distance from the same
point to another fixed point.
 Take the absolute value of the difference of the
two distances from the two distinct fixed points.
 The difference is a constant.
HYPERBOLA
|𝑃𝐹 1|−|𝑃𝐹 2|=|𝑄𝐹 1|−|𝑄𝐹 2|

𝑭𝟏 𝑭𝟐

𝑸
Properties of hyperbola:
1. The line that passes through
the two foci and is called the .

2. The two points of

intersection of the hyperbola
and the principal axis are
called the .
3. The line segment joining the
vertices is called the .
Properties of hyperbola:
4. The midpoint of the two vertices
is called the of the hyperbola. The
center is also the midpoint of the
two foci.
5. Let the distance from the
center to a vertex be and let the
distance from the center to the
focus be .
𝑉 1( h− 𝑎 ,𝑘) 𝐹 1 (h− 𝑐 , 𝑘)
𝑉 2 (h+𝑎 ,𝑘) 𝐹 2( h+𝑐 , 𝑘)
 Standard Form Properties Graph
𝑪(𝟎, 𝟎)
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔 :
𝑉 1(− 𝑎 ,0) 𝑉 2 (𝑎, 0)
𝒙𝟐 𝒚 𝟐
𝟏 . 𝟐 − 𝟐 =𝟏
𝒂 𝒃
𝑭𝒐𝒄𝒊 :
𝐹 1 (− 𝑐 , 0) 𝐹 2(𝑐 , 0)
𝑐 2=𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡h=2 𝑎
𝑨𝒔𝒚𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒔 :
“a units away from C & b units from C”
𝑏
𝑦 =± 𝑥
𝑎
 Standard Form Properties Graph
𝑪(𝟎, 𝟎)
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔 :
𝑉 1(0 , −𝑎) 𝑉 2 (0 , 𝑎)
𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝟐 . 𝟐 − 𝟐 =𝟏
𝒂 𝒃
𝑭𝒐𝒄𝒊 :
𝐹 1 (0 ,− 𝑐) 𝐹 2(0 , 𝑐)
𝑐 2=𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡h=2 𝑎
𝑨𝒔𝒚𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒔 :
“a units away from C & b units from C”
𝑎
𝑦 =± 𝑥
𝑏
 Standard Form Properties Graph
𝑪(𝒉 , 𝒌)
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔 :
𝑉 1(h− 𝑎 ,𝑘) 𝑉 2 (h+𝑎 ,𝑘)
( 𝒙 −𝒉 )𝟐 ( 𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐
𝟏. 𝟐
− 𝟐
=𝟏
𝒂 𝒃
𝑭𝒐𝒄𝒊 :
(𝒂 >𝟎 , 𝒃>𝟎) 𝐹 1 ( h− 𝑐 , 𝑘) 𝐹 2( h+𝑐 , 𝑘)
𝑐 2=𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡h=2 𝑎
𝑨𝒔𝒚𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒔 :
𝑏
𝑦 −𝑘=± ( 𝑥 − h)
𝑎
 Standard Form Properties Graph
𝑪(𝒉 , 𝒌)
𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔 :
𝑉 1(h , 𝑘− 𝑎) 𝑉 2 (h , 𝑘+ 𝑎)
( 𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 ( 𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐
𝟐. 𝟐
− 𝟐
=𝟏
𝒂 𝒃
𝑭𝒐𝒄𝒊 :
(𝒂 >𝟎 , 𝒃>𝟎) 𝐹 1 ( h ,𝑘 −𝑐) 𝐹 2( h , 𝑘+𝑐)
𝑐 2=𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡h=2 𝑎
𝑨𝒔𝒚𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒔 :
𝑏
𝑦 −𝑘=± ( 𝑥 − h)
𝑎
Example 1:

Find the center, foci, and the equations of the asymptotes

of the hyperbola
Sketch the graph and label the important points and
asymptotes.

𝑪(−𝟑 , 𝟏) 𝑐 2=𝑎 2 +𝑏2 𝑐 2=20

𝒂=𝟐 𝑐 2=22 + 42 𝒄=𝟐 √ 𝟓
𝒃=𝟒 𝑐 2= 4+16
 Example 2:

Find the equation of the hyperbola with vertices and and

foci and
𝑽 𝟏(𝟒 ,𝟏) 𝑪 ( 𝒉, 𝒌 ) :
𝑽 𝟐(𝟒 ,𝟗)
𝑭 𝟏 (𝟒 , 𝟎)
𝑭 𝟐 (𝟒 , 𝟏𝟎)
𝑪( 𝒙𝑽 + 𝒙 𝑽
𝟏

𝟐
𝟐
,
𝒚𝑽 +𝒚𝑽
𝟏

𝟐
𝟐

)
𝑪(
𝟐 )
𝟒+𝟒 𝟏+𝟗
,
𝟐
𝑪(𝟒 , 𝟓)
 Example 3:

Find the equation of the hyperbola with vertices and and

the equations of the asymptotes are and

𝑎=|𝑉 1 𝐶| 𝒂=𝟑
𝑽 𝟏(𝟎 , 𝟐) 𝐶 (h , 𝑘):
𝑏
𝑽 𝟐(𝟔 , 𝟐) 𝑦 −𝑘=± ( 𝑥 − h) 𝒃=𝟐
𝐶( 𝑥 𝑉 + 𝑥𝑉
1

2
2
,
𝑦𝑉 + 𝑦𝑉
1

2
2

) ( 𝑥 − 3)2
𝑎

−
( 𝑦 − 2)2
=1
𝐶(
2 )
0+6 2+ 2 3 2
2 2
,
2
( 𝒙 −𝟑)𝟐 ( 𝒚 −𝟐)𝟐
𝑪(𝟑, 𝟐) − =𝟏
𝟗 𝟒
GENERAL EQUATION OF THE
HYPERBOLA:
𝐴𝑥 2 −𝐶𝑦 2+ 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦+ 𝐹 =0
and have opposite signs
Example 4:
Determine whether the graph of the equation is a
hyperbola or a pair of intersecting lines.

𝑎 . 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 +6 𝑥 − 4 𝑦 − 4= 0
𝑏 . 4 𝑥 2 − 5 𝑦 2 +8 𝑥+10 𝑦 −1=0
 Example 4:
Determine whether the graph of the equation is a hyperbola
or a pair of intersecting lines.
2 2 ( 𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 ( 𝒚 −𝒌)𝟐
𝑎 . 𝑥 − 𝑦 +6 𝑥 − 4 𝑦 − 4= 0 𝟐
− 𝟐
=𝟏
𝒂 𝒃
(𝑥¿¿ 2+6 𝑥) − ( 𝑦 + 4 𝑦 ) =4 ¿
2

( 𝑥¿¿ 2+6 𝑥 +9)− 𝑦 +4 𝑦 + 4 ) =4+ 9− 4 ¿

( 2

( 𝑥¿¿ 2+6 𝑥 +9)− ( 𝑦 +4 𝑦 + 4 ) =9 ¿

2

( 𝑥+3)2 ( 𝑦 +2)2
− =1 Thus, the equation determines a
9 𝟐
9 hyperbola.
𝟐
( 𝒙 −(−𝟑)) ( 𝒚 −(−𝟐))
𝟐
− 𝟐
=𝟏
𝟑 𝟑
Example 4:
Determine whether the graph of the equation is a hyperbola
or a pair of intersecting lines.
𝑏 . 4 𝑥 2 − 5 𝑦 2 +8 𝑥+10 𝑦 −1=0
(4 𝑥 ¿¿ 2+8 𝑥)− 5 𝑦 −10 𝑦 ) =1¿
( 2

4 ( 𝑥¿ ¿ 2+ 2 𝑥) −5 𝑦 − 2 𝑦 )=1¿
( 2

4 ( 𝑥¿ ¿ 2+ 2 𝑥+1) −5 𝑦 −2 𝑦+1 )=1+ 4 −5 ¿

( 2

4 ( 𝑥¿ ¿ 2+ 2 𝑥+1) − 5 ( 𝑦 −2 𝑦+1 )= 0 ¿
2

Thus, we obtain two intersecting

line.
 𝑪𝑨(−𝟑, 𝟓)

𝑽 𝟏(− 𝟓 ,𝟏) 𝑪(−𝟑 , 𝟏) 𝑽 𝟐(− 𝟏 ,𝟏) 𝑭 𝟐 (𝟏 . 𝟒𝟕 , 𝟏)

𝑭 𝟏 (−𝟕 . 𝟒𝟕, 𝟏)

𝑪𝑨(−𝟑,−𝟑)
 𝑪𝑨(𝟐,𝟐.𝟐𝟎)

𝑽 𝟏(𝟎 . 𝟐𝟕 , −𝟑) 𝑪(𝟐 , −𝟑)

𝑭 𝟏 (−𝟑 . 𝟒𝟖 , −𝟑) 𝑽 𝟐(𝟑 . 𝟕𝟑, −𝟑) 𝑭 𝟐 (𝟕 . 𝟒𝟖 , −𝟑)

𝑪𝑨(𝟐,−𝟖.𝟐𝟎)
 𝑭 𝟏 (𝟒 , 𝟎)

𝑽 𝟐(𝟒 ,𝟗)

𝑽 𝟏(𝟒 ,𝟏)

𝑭 𝟐 (𝟒 , 𝟏𝟎)