ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE

OF THE EARTH
(THE SUBSYSTEMS)
QUARTER 1 – MODULE 2
After going through this lesson, you are
expected to:
 determine the four subsystems of the Earth
 describe the characteristics of each subsystems
 trace the flow of matter and energy in the Earth’s
subsystems
 Let’s have a RECAP …

What are the characteristics of the Earth that

supports life?

How that the characteristics of the Earth

sustain the needs of a living organism?
PLAY
What I know …
1. Which of the following is 2. What subsystem will network
NOT one of the four subsystems with biosphere for photosynthesis
of the Earth? to take place?
A. Biosphere A. Atmosphere
B. Hydrosphere B. Geosphere
C. Water sphere C. Hydrosphere
D. Geosphere D. Biosphere
What I know …
3. The atmosphere of the Earth is What part of the Earth’s sphere
composed of ___ nitrogen and make up hydrosphere?
_____ oxygen and other gases. A. glaciers
A. 0% and 100% B. groundwater
B. 21% and 78% C. seawater and inland water
C. 78% and 21% D. all of the above
D. 505 and 505
What I know …
5. Which answer best describes the role of the ozone layer?
A. It traps heat from the sun to heat the planet.
B. It protects the plants and animals on earth from receiving too much
ultraviolet radiation.
C. It cools the earth through the evaporation of water vapor
D. It keeps the oxygen in the atmosphere closest to Earth and the
nitrogen separated in the atmosphere.
 PLANET
EARTH
• Water Planet or Blue
Planet because seas and
oceans cover more than
two-thirds of its
surface.
• Earth is the only planet
that has moon in the
solar system.
• It is also the only body
we know that supports
life.
 PLANET
EARTH
• Earth is estimated to be 4.54
billion years old but the
NAME EARTH is at least 1000
years old.

• All the planets except EARTH

were named after Greek god
and goddesses.

• During 5th century A.D., the

word EARTH came from the
Anglo-saxon or English
German name ERDA/ ERDE =
GROUND or SOIL
EARTH’S SUBSYSTEMS
GEOSPHERE
• The portion of Earth that includes
the interior structure, rocks, and
minerals, landforms, and all
physical processes on the land
that shape Earth’s surface.
• All the continents and the ocean
floor are also considered parts of
the geosphere.
Earth’s Internal Structure
 CRUST
Consist of a 5 to 70 km thick layer
of oceanic and continental crusts.

Mohorovicic discontinuity is the

transitional boundary that divides the
crust from the mantle.
 MANTLE
It is considered to be the thickest
layer of the Earth. It holds almost
84% of the volume of Earth.
Asthenosphere explains the
occurrence of earthquakes and
seismic activities.
Gutenberg discontinuity serves a
transitional boundary between the
lower mantle and outer core.
 CORE
It is chiefly made up of iron and
nickel.

The iron in the outer core is in

liquid form while the inner core is
solid.

Lehman discontinuity is a
transitional boundary between the
inner core and outer core.
HYDROSPHERE
It encompasses all the waters found on
Earth.

This include water in various forms

whether ice, liquid, or vapor found on the
surface of the Earth.

Water covers about 70% of Earth’s surface,

and most of it is water that makes up the
ocean.
 The properties of water
1. Water could be in liquid form, not just solid and
gas.
2. Water has a neutral pH.
3. Water is a good conductor of heat and energy.
4. Water has a high specific heat.
5. Water is a universal solvent.
“

”
The water cycle describes how water evaporates from the
surface of the earth, rises into the atmosphere, cools and condenses
into rain or snow in clouds, and falls again to the surface as
precipitation.
 Distribution of WATERS on Earth
All the waters found on Earth are
natural but not everything is considered
safe for drinking.

In fact, only less than 3% of the world’s

waters is considered portable.
ATMOSPHERE
Air acts as both a blanket and a filter,
retaining heat at night and shielding
from direct solar radiation during the
day.

The atmosphere supports life because

animals and oxygen, and plants need
both carbon dioxide and oxygen.
Composition of Atmosphere
Layers of the Atmosphere
BIOSPHERE
It makes up all the living components on
Earth.

It is the subsystem that comprises all living

things, including those which have not
been identified.

Life exists in all the subsystems of Earth –

on land, in water and in air.

It is sometimes called as large ecosystem.

Interactions of Earth's Subsystems
Interactions of Earth's Subsystems
Generalization …

What are the four subsystems of the Earth?

Describe the characteristics of each subsystems.

How does the four subsystem of the Earth connect with each
other?
End of Module 2.