A Practical Course for Engineers Working on Board

Ships

《轮机英语》
Marine Engineering English
江苏航运职业技术学院 轮机工程学院
Department of Marine Engineering, Jiangsu Shipping College,

主讲：薛海龙（ Allen ）
Lesson 1
Different Types of Marine
Propulsion Plant
Learning Objectives:

1. Grasp some useful words and expressions in

the whole text.

2. After studying the lesson, he or she will have a

better understanding of Different Types of Marine
Propulsion Plant
part 1
New Words and
Expressions
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion New Words& Expressions
Plant
marine a. 海的，船用的，航海的
diesel n. 柴油机
combustion n. 燃烧，焚毁，点（发）火
piston n. 活塞，柱塞
cylinder n. 气缸，（圆）柱体，筒体
gearing n. 齿轮装置，传动装置
blade n. 叶片，桨叶
vane n. 叶片
rotary a. 旋转的，转动的
container n. 集装箱，容器，壳，罩
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion New Words& Expressions
Plant
submarine n. 潜水艇； a. 水下的
radioactive a. 放射性的
via prep. 经过，通过，借助于
brake horsepower 制动马力，制动功率
effective horsepower 有效功率
part 2
Text Analysis
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Text
Plant

Marine engine is an engine that propels 船用发动机

a waterborne vessel. Even in small 水运的
craft the marine engine must have the
following characteristics: 特性

船用发动机是驱动船舶的发动机，
即便在很小的船上，
船用发动机必须具备如下特性：
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Text
Plant

reliability, light weight, compactness, 可靠性

fuel economy, low maintenance, long-
life, relative simplicity for operating 保养
personnel, ability to reverse, and 换向
ability to operate steadily at low or
cruising speed.

可靠性、重量轻、紧凑、燃油经济性、易保养、寿命长、
操作相对简单，能够换向，并且能够稳定运行在
低速或者巡航速度
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Text
Plant

The relative importance of these 相对的

characteristics varies with the service
performed by the vessel, but reliability
is of prime importance. 主要的

营运目的不同，相对重要的特性也不一样，但是可靠性
是第一重要的
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Text
Plant

There are four main types of marine 类型

engines: the diesel engine, the steam 蒸汽轮机
turbine, the gas turbine and the marine 燃气轮机
nuclear plant. Each type of engine has
its own particular application.

有四种主要类型的船用发动机：柴油机、蒸汽轮机、燃气轮机
和船用核动力装置。每种类型的发动机都有特定的应用。
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Text
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Marine diesel engine 内燃机

The diesel engine is a form of internal
combustion engine similar to that used
in a bus. Its power is expressed as brake
horsepower (bhp) or kilowatts.This is 制动功率
the power put out by the engine.

制动功率或者千瓦，
这是发动机输出的功率。
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Text
Plant

Effective horsepower is the power 有效功率

developed by the piston in the cylinder, 活塞
but some of this is lost by friction 摩擦力
within the engine.①

本句中 developed by the piston in the cylinder 作定

语修饰 power 。
全句译为：有效功率是气缸中活塞所
产生的功率，
但它的一部分被发动机内部摩擦损耗
掉了。
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Text
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The Power Output of a modern marine 输出功率

diesel engine is about 40, 000 brake
horsepower. By comparison the engine 对比，比较
of a small family car has an output of
about 80 bhp.

柴油机的输出功率范围很大。。。
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Text
Plant

Large diesel engines which have 气缸

cylinder nearly 3 ft in diameter turn at
the relatively slow speed of about 90 to 直径
120 rpm. These are known as slow- 低速柴油机
speed diesel engines.

大型柴油机缸径接近 3 英尺，转速大约 90-120 转 / 分钟，

被称为低速柴油机。
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Text
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They can be connected directly to the 直接连接

propeller without gearing. These large 螺旋桨
slow running engines are used in the 齿轮机构
larger merchant ships, tankers and
bulk carriers for instance.

低速柴油机可以直接连接到螺旋桨，而不需要齿轮机构，
广泛应用于大型船舶，比如油船和散货船等等
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Text
Plant

Some merchant vessels are being powered by 中速柴油机

medium-speed diesel engines. These operate
between 150 and 450 rpm, therefore they are
connected to the propeller by gearing. This
type of engine was once restricted to smaller
cargo ships, but now they are used in fast cargo
liners as well as in tankers and bulk carriers.

中速柴油机需要（减速）齿轮机构。。。
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Text
Plant

Recent developments in steam turbines,

which have reduced fuel consumption
and raised power output, have made 燃油消耗
them more attractive as an alternative 备选项
to diesel power in a ship.②

汽轮机近年来在降低油耗和提高输出功率方面的发展
已使其更有吸引力，成为船舶柴油动力装置的替代品。
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Text
Plant

Marine steam turbine

In steam turbines, high pressure steam is 叶片
directed into a series of blades or vanes 旋转
attached to a shaft, causing it to rotate. This
传递
rotary motion is transferred to the propeller
shaft by gears. Boiling water in a boiler, which
is fired by oil, produces steam.

蒸汽轮机，高压蒸汽直接进入固定在轴上的一串叶片。。。
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Text
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They are 50 percent lighter and on very 重量轻

large tankers some of the steam can be
used to drive the large cargo oil 货油泵
pumps. Turbines are often used in 集装箱船
container ships, which travel at high
speed.

蒸汽机的重量轻 50% ，多余的蒸汽还可以驱动货油泵。。。

 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Text
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Marine gas turbine 内燃机

Gas turbines differ from steam turbines
in that gas rather than steam is used to 废气
turn a shaft.③ 换气

本句中… rather than… 前后接名词，表示“是前者而不是后者”；

that 引导的从句作介词 in 的宾语。
全句译为：燃汽轮机不同于汽轮机，是用燃气而不是用蒸汽来驱动轴旋转。
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Text
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Marine nuclear plant 海军船舶

Nuclear powered in ships has mainly
been confined to naval vessels, 潜水艇
particularly submarines. But this form of 昂贵
power will be used more in merchant
ships as oil fuels become more expensive.

船用核动力装置。。。。
了解即可。
part 3
Exercise & Examination
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Exercise
Plant

1.Propulsion of the vast majority of contemporary

当代商船
merchant ship (especially containerships and
VLCCs) utilizes_____ as prime mover.
A. gas turbine 集装箱船
B. diesel engine 大型油船
C. steam engine
D. gasoline engine

当代大多数商船 ( 特别是集装箱船和超大型油轮 ) 都采用柴油机

作为推进船舶的原动机。
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Exercise
Plant

2. Typical marine propulsion plants include_____ directly

coupled to the vessel's single large-diameter, fixed-pitch 船用主推进
propeller. 装置
A. a single, long-stroke, slow-speed, turbocharged, two-stroke
diesel engine
连接
B. a single, long-stroke, medium-speed, turbocharged, four- 固定螺距
stroke diesel engine
C. two medium-speed, turbocharged, four-stroke diesel engine
D. a variable-speed AC generator

典型的船舶推进装置包括一台长冲程低速增压二冲程柴油机和一个
大直径定距桨 , 两者直接连接。
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Exercise
Plant

3. There are four main types of marine engines: _____and the

marine nuclear plant.
A. the diesel engine, the steam turbine and dual–fuel engine
B. the diesel engine, the steam turbine and the gas turbine
C. the gas-diesel engine, the gasoline engine and the diesel
engine
D. the gasoline engine, the diesel engine and the steam turbine

船用发动机有四大主要类型 : 柴油机、蒸汽轮机、燃气轮机和船用核动力装置。
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Exercise
Plant

4. Diesel engines instead of steam engines were

used as main engine on board ships is mainly
because_____. 机械效率
热效率
A. they have a high mechanical efficiency
B. they have a high thermal efficiency
C. they are more reliable
D. they are safer

船舶上柴油机取代蒸汽机作为主机主要是因其热效率高。。
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Exercise
Plant

5. Among the main propulsion units on board the ship

主推进装置
with the same capacity, the lightest one is_____.
A. steam engine
B. steam turbine 同功率
C. gas turbine 燃气轮机
D. diesel engine

船舶使用的各种类型的功率相同的主推进装置中 , 重量最轻的是燃气轮机。
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Exercise
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6. The slow speed main propulsion diesel operates on

two-stroke cycle. At this low speed the engine requires
no reduction gear box between it and_____.
A. thrust blocks
B. propeller
C. flying wheel
D. rudder

减速齿轮箱介于发动机和螺旋桨之间。。
 Lesson 1 Different Types of Marine Propulsion Exercise
Plant

7. Owing to its_____, the low speed cross-head diesel

十字头
engine is widely used on board ship as a main
engine.
A. smaller size and simple construction
B. long life, lower cost and reliability
C. easier operation and management
D. simple construction and easier management

低速十字头式柴油机被广泛用作主机的原因是寿命长、费用低和使用可靠。。