WELCOME TO A PRESENTATION ON

DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION IN
SMART GRID
By
Om Prakash Gurjar
Roll No 20UELE6027
Guided by: Dr. Jayashri Vajpai Ma’am
 WHAT IS A SMART GRID??
This electric grid delivers electricity from points of generation to
consumers, and the electricity delivery network functions via
two
primary systems the transmission system and the distribution
system. The transmission system delivers electricity from power
plants to distribution substations, while the distribution system
delivers electricity from distribution substations to consumers.
Building the smart grid means adding computer and
communications technology to the existing electricity grid. With
an overlay of digital technology, the grid promises to operate
more efficiently and reliably. It can also accommodate more
solar and wind power, which are inconsistent sources of energy
that can become more reliable with better controls. Much like
computers and routers manage the flow of bits on the Internet,
smart-grid technologies use information to optimize the flow of
electricity.
 THE CONDITIONS FOR SMART GRID

 Adding sensing, embedded processing and

digital communications makes the grid
 Observable
 Controllable
 Automated
 Fully integrated
 Pillars of Smart Grid

 Transmission Optimization
 Demand Side Management
 Distribution Optimization
 Asset Optimization
Overview of Smart Grid
 NEED FOR A SMART GRID
 Electromechanical electrical grids are
inefficient networks highly prone to power
failures. It has become a stressed grid
structure.
 Energy demand is increasing at a faster rate than
energy supply because of the increase in
population.
 With the increase in energy costs, customer
expectations are also increasing. Customers want
to do more to protect the environment, use less
energy and control their costs.
 NEED FOR A SMART GRID
 Also, customers are increasingly technologically
savvy and expect to receive the information to
help them manage their energy usage(One of the
main characteristics of the Smart Grid is
enabling customers to manage energy and control
their costs).
 Greenhouse gas emissions is increasing due to the
increase in energy consumption..
 Clearly, a new method is required.
What would a smart grid be able to do
 Right now, if there's a breakdown at your local substation, the
utility usually finds out when customers call to complain.
Placing a networked
sensor inside a transformer or along wires could locate and
report a problem, or prevent it from happening in the first place.
 Despite living in the age of information, most of us only get a
glimpse of our energy consumption when the utility bills come
once a month.
 In people's homes, the smart grid should mean more detailed
information through home energy-monitoring tools.
 These can be small displays or Web-based programs that give a
real-time view of how much energy you're using, which
appliances consume the most, and how your home compares to
others.
 COMPONENTS OF A SMART GRID
A Smart grid has two main components.

1. The connectivity Network

 Core Networks
 Distribution Networks
 Access Networks

2. Sensing and measurement

Major Components of Smart Grid
 Smart meters
 Smart Substations
 Intelligent Appliance
 Phasor Measurement Unit
 Master Stations.
 Connectivitity Networks
 Smart meters
 The smart meters provide two-way
communication between power
providers and the end user
consumers to automate billing data
collections, detect device failures
and dispatch repair crews to the
exact location much faster.
How smart meters work
 Smart Substation
 Substations are included monitoring and control non-
critical and critical operational data such as power
status, power factor performance, breaker, security,
transformer status, etc. substations are used to
transform voltage at several times in many locations,
that providing safe and reliable delivery of energy
 Smart substations are also necessary for splitting the
path of electricity flow into many directions.
Substations require large and very expensive
equipment to operate, including transformers,
switches, capacitor banks, circuit breakers, a network
protected relays and several others.
 Features Of Smart Substation
 PROTECTION, MONITORING, AND
CONTROL DEVICES (IEDS)
 SCADA
 Master station
 Remote Terminal Unit
Smart Substation
 SCADA refers to a system or a combination of
systems that collects data from various sensors
at a plant or in other remote locations and then
sends these data to a central computer system,
which then manages and controls the data and
remotely controls devices in the field.
 SCADA is a term that is used broadly to
portray control and management solutions in a
wide range of industries.
Fig. SCADA
 Integrated communications

 An integrated communication system is the key

to smart grid technology. It must be fast and
accurate to meet the real-time needs of the system.
 Depending upon the need, many different
technologies are used in smart grid
communication like Programmable Logic
controller (PLC), Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition System (SCADA) and Energy
Management System
 SENSING AND MEASUREMENT
 Its easy to cut your electricity bills if you know
1)Exactly how much electricity you are using.
2)How much it is costing you in rupee per hour
3)How much harmful carbon dioxide your household
contributes to the greenhouse effect
 SMART METERING CONCEPT
 AUTOMATED METER READING(AMR) is a remote
reading system based on an advanced technology that permits
utilities to read electronic meters over long distances. Through
AMR, the energy
consumption can be read on an annual, monthly, weekly, daily or
on an hourly basis. The automatic data collection enables billing
based
on real time consumption as opposed an estimated consumption.
SENSING AND MEASUREMENT
 ADVANCED METERING INFRASTRUCTURE(AMI) refers to
systems that measure, read and analyse energy
consumption. AMI systems can be defined as an
extension of the simpler AMR-system. The AMI
always communicates two-way and comprises the
whole range of metering devices, software,
communication media, and data management systems.
 AUTOMATED METER MANAGEMENT(AMM) or Smart
Metering is another expansion of a remote reading
system that includes the possibility of
performing technical measurements and functions
and carrying out customer-orientated services via
the system.
 Distribution Automation
 Distribution automation (DA) is a family of
technologies, including sensors, processors,
information and communication networks, and
switches, through which a utility can collect,
automate, analyze, and optimize data to
improve the operational efficiency of its
distribution power system.
 Distribution Automation
 “A set of technologies that enable an electric
utility to remotely monitor, coordinate and
operate distribution components in a real-time
mode from remote locations” - (IEEE
definition)
 Distribution Automation

DA is an umbrella concept that embraces all the

other real-time and operational functions for
the distribution network
 Distribution Management (DMS)
 Substation Automation(SA)
 Meter Reading (AMR)
 Feeder Automation (FA)
 Function of Distribution Automation
System
 Remotely monitors the distribution system,
facilitates supervisory control of devices and
provides decision support tools to improve the
system performance
 SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data
Acquisition)
 Distribution Automation
Field Devices
 1 Remote Fault Indicators
 Remote fault indicators are sensors that detect
when voltage and current levels on feeders are
outside normal operating boundaries.
 Distribution Automation
Field Devices
 2.Smart Relays
 Smart relays apply sophisticated software to accurately
detect, isolate, and diagnose the cause of faults. They
may be installed in utility substations for feeder
protection or on devices in automated switching
schemes. Device controls are activated according to
equipment settings and algorithms.
 Automated Feeder Switches and Reclosers
 Automated feeder switches open and close to isolate
faults and reconfigure faulted segments of the
distribution feeder to restore power to customers on
line segments without a fault
 Distribution Automation
Field Devices
 Automated Capacitors

 Automated Voltage Regulators and

Load Tap Changers

 Automated Feeder Monitors

 Transformer Monitors
What we get from Automation
 REFERENCES
1)https://yourtechdiet.com/blogs/
distribution-automation-devices/
2)(http
://www.edisonfoundation.net/iee/Do
cuments/IEE_SmartMeterRollouts_051
2.pdf
).
3)Stuart Borlase, Marco C. Janssen, and
Michael Pesi, Smart Grid, 2nd edition