PHYSICS PROJECT (F E SEM 1)

HALL EFFECT USED AS BUZZER ALARM

TEAM MEMBERS:
NAME: ROLL NO:
1. SUMIT SHARMA ELB61
2. SARFARAZ KHAN
3. PRATIK MORE ELB54
4. ANISH DALVI
5. UDAY KOMMAJOSHYULA ELB57
ELB55
6. SARMAD MALIK
ELB51
CEB20
 INTRODUCTION TO HALL EFFECT SENSORS
• IN ORDER TO CHECK THE PRACTICAL BEHAVIUOR OF ANY ELECTRICAL
OR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT, IT IS VERY NECESSARY TO INSTALL THE DEVICE
WHICH COMMUNICATE BETWEEN THIS ELECTRICAL OR ELECTRONIC
EQUIPMENT AND YOUR REAL TIME SYSTEM.
• FOR THIS PURPOSE, SO MANY SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS ARE
AVAILABLE IN MARKET WHICH HAVE BEEN USING FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES.
BUT IN THIS ARTICLE, WE WOULD BE ONLY TALK ABOUT THE HALL EFFECT
SENSOR.
• HALL EFFECT SENSOR IS THE TYPE OF SENSOR WHICH IS TYPICALLY USED FOR
DETECTING THE PRACTICAL BEHAVIUOR OF ANYTHING SUCH AS MOTOR, IN
RESPONSE TO CHANGING MAGNETIC FIELD. HALL EFFECT SENSOR IS BASICALLY
THE TRANSDUCERS WHOSE VOLTAGES VARIES BY CHANGING MAGNETIC FIELD.
• THIS SENSOR CONSISTS OF A METAL STRIP, WHEN IT IS PLACED INSIDE OF ANY
MAGNETIC FIELD THEN THE PRESENCE OF THIS MAGNETIC FIELD ELECTRON
IS DEFLECTED TOWARDS THE EDGES OF THIS STRIP THEN EMS IS INDUCED
ACROSS ITS EDGES. IN SIMPLE WORDS IT JUST WORKS LIKE AS AN ANALOGUE
TRANSDUCER.
• THEY ARE MAINLY USED FOR SPEED DETECTION, APPROXIMATE SWITCHING,
CURRENT AND POSITIONING SENSING APPLICATIONS. A SIMPLE HALL EFFECT
SENSOR IS SHOWN IS FIGURE 1 WHICH CONSISTS OF THREE TERMINALS.
 HALL EFFECT
• THE HALL EFFECT IS THE PRODUCTION OF A VOLTAGE DIFFERENCE
(THE HALL VOLTAGE) ACROSS AN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR, TRANSVERSE
TO AN ELECTRIC CURRENT IN THE CONDUCTOR AND TO AN
APPLIED MAGNETIC FIELD PERPENDICULAR TO THE CURRENT.
• IT WAS DISCOVERED BY EDWIN HALL IN 1879
 HALL EFFECT SENSOR OR MAGNETIC SENSOR

• HALL EFFECT SENSORS ARE THE DEVICES WHICH ARE ACTIVATED BY AN EXTERNAL
MAGNETIC FIELD .
• THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE CALLED AS HALL EFFECT VOOLTAGE (VH) OF THE BASIC HALL
ELEMENT IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE STRENGTHOF THE MAGNETIC FIELD
PASSING THROUGH THE SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL (OUTPUT O< H ).
• OUTPUT VOLTAGE CAN BE QUITE SMALL , ONLY A FEW MICROVOLTS EVEN WHEN
SUBJECTED TO STRONG MAGNETIC FIELDS .
• MOST COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE HALL EFFECT DEVICES ARE MANUFACTURED
WITH BUILT IN DC AMPLIFIERS.
 TYPES OF SENSORS
• THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF HALL EFFECT SENSORS 1.LINEAR OR ANALOG HALL
EFFECT SENSOR AND 2. DIGITAL HALL EFFECT SENSOR
1. LINEAR OR ANALOG HALL EFFECT SENSOR : THIS SENSOR GIVES US A CONTINOUS
VOLTAGE OUTPUT THAT INCREASES WITH A STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD AND
DECREASES WITH A WEAK MAGNETIC FIELD.

.
 TYPES OF SENSORS
• DIGITAL HALL EFFECT SENSOR : Digital output Hall effect sensors are primarily
used in magnetic switch applications to provide a digital voltage output. In this
way, they provide an ON or OFF input signal to the system. The primary distinction
of a digital output Hall effect sensor is its means of controlling voltage output.
 APPLICATIONS FOR HALL EFFECT SENSOR
• Hall effect sensor has been used in different applications and its
construction depends upon its configuration where it has been used.
• But these are mainly used in biomedical, automatic tellers,
telecommunications, automobiles and process control industry.
1. PRINT COVER
• SOME COMPUTER USE HALL EFFECT DEVICE TO DETECT IF THE
COVER IS
OPEN OR CLOSE
 APPLICATIONS FOR HALL EFFECT SENSOR
2 Current Sensor:
• It is the type of hall effect sensor which is used for measuring both ac and dc
currents.
• These are available in range from 250mA to thousand amps. These are linear
sensors and when this sensor is placed near magnetic field then voltage is
developed across this sensor.
• The values of these voltages are proportional to magnetic field strength
 APPLICATIONS FOR HALL EFFECT SENSOR
3 MAGNETIC PISTON:
• TO INDICATE THAT A PNEUMATIC PISTON HAS FULLY EXTENDED OR RETRACTED,
TWO HALL EFFECT SENSORS ARE MOUNTED ON THE OUTER WALL OF THE
CYLINDER
• SENSORS DETECT SMALL MAGNETS THAT ARE EMBEDDED ON THE PISTION
HEAD
 APPLICATIONS FOR HALL EFFECT SENSOR
4 Direct-current (DC) transformers:
• Hall-effect sensors may be utilized for contactless measurements of direct
current in current transformers. In such a case the Hall-effect sensor is
mounted in the gap in magnetic core around the current conductor. As a
result, the DC magnetic flux can be measured, and the DC current in the
conductor can be calculated. DIAGRAM SHOWN BELOW FOR DIRECT
CURRENT (DC)TRANSFORMER.