THE HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIETY

Introduction to Philosophy
 MODULE 2
QUARTER 2
 LESSON 1
 LESSON 2

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 Introduction
As we have learned in the previous lessons, humans have
the natural tendency to establish relationships with other
people. The ability of a person to engage in meaningful
interactions with other people, or even with his/her
surroundings and the objects around him/her, is deeply
rooted by one’s awareness of himself/herself and of others. This shared
awareness and understanding among persons is referred to as inter subjectivity.

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Society: What Drives Human Person To
Establish It
LESSON 1
 LESSON 1
From your answers on your recent activity, you think and reflect with your place within the social
group being mentioned. In this way, you attentively recognized that you are a part of a social
group. Thus, you are a part of our existing society. However, you might ask yourself; what is
society? Society is an organized group of people with a common territory and culture whose
members interact frequently. Furthermore, society is a large group of people who live together in
an organized way, making decisions about how to do things and sharing the work that needs to be
done. But then you might popped up the question that other animals also form groups for survival
and mutual protection, are these form of groups considered as society? Society being formed by
human individuals is considered unique among all other groups because the relationship being
established and the interaction towards common good/goal is a way more difficult and uniquely
profound.

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 LESSON 1
Culture indicates the flow of relationship between society and human individuals. It is one of the
human natures to desire and to act according to some goal which is commonly the goal of survival.
When one person meets another person with the same goal, then it can be considered that they
desire for the common good. Common good may include peace within the community, clean and
safe environment, efficient public service, etc. With these common good, humans are required to
work together and to establish relationships with each other, which results in establishing forms of
society. For instance, family is the basic unit of society. Through this, infants first relate with their
parents or guardians as the source of basic needs for survival. As they grow, they expand their
connections and start relating and forming bonds with people outside their family. Friendships are
established starting from childhood up to adulthood. They also learn how to deal and to interact with
other superiors aside from their parents/guardians (e.g. principal, teachers, company boss, elderly
persons).

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Different Forms of Society
LESSON 2
 Introduction

You have understood in the previous lesson on what

drives human to establish society and how human
upbringing is transformed by society being depicted
through its culture.

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 LESSON 2
Different forms of Society
1. Hunting and gathering society: is the earliest and simplest form of society and is generally
recognized by its small size, since it consists mainly of families. They spend most of their time
searching for food, thus, they are considered as nomadic; no permanent territory. Its members are
treated equally and decisions are usually derived through consensus. As a result, the roles of its
members and the distribution of labor is not clearly defined.
2.Pastoral society: is characterized by the domestication of animals served as a source for food
supply. Compared to hunting and gathering society, this form of society has a larger population and
remains in one place. They also produce surplus food and resources which they trade with other
societies forming meaningful bonds. This relative prosperity enables the people to engage in other
activities apart from those necessary for survival, such as handicrafts which eventually leads to the
emergence of specialize tasks in the community.

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PHOTO #1- HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETY

PHOTO #2- PASTORAL SOCIETY

 LESSON 2
Different forms of Society

3.Horticultural society: engages in the small-scale cultivation of plants, fruits, and vegetables and
the domestication of animals. Semi-nomadic, which means that they travel to another place when
there is shortage of the resources in one area.
4.Agrarian/agricultural society: involves in a large- scale and long-term cultivation of crops and
domestication of animals. Characterized by improved technology and usage of tools to aid in
farming which results in increased production giving rise to a growing population in agricultural
societies. Large population leads to a more structured social system that helps manage resources
and its member.

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PHOTO #1- HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

PHOTO #2- AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY

 LESSON 2
Different forms of Society
5.Feudal society: is based on the ownership of land. Its members are organized based on status which
consists of higher class/ruler (people who own a land), vassal/follower (granted a right to manage a
land), and peasants (workers who cultivate the land and tend the animals in exchange of military
protection). This society is mindful of the hierarchy system. It arose during Medieval times in Western
part of Europe.
6.Industrial society: is based on the use of specialized machinery in the production of goods and services.
The emergence of new production and industrial methods along with innovations in transportation and
communication are results from the advances of science and technology in the late 18th century. In this
era, improved trade and commerce, public education and better life conditions are evident for many
people. However, an important factor in social relations within this form of society is the workplace
where people interact with individuals who do not come from the same family, clan, or community, thus,
cultural diversity and bureaucratic forms of organization arises.

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PHOTO #1- FEUDAL SOCIETY

PHOTO #2- INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

 LESSON 2
Different forms of Society

7.Post-industrial society: emerged by the establishment of societies based on knowledge,

information, and the sale of services. Virtual society arises where people organize themselves
through communication technology and Internet. This society is composed of members with higher
educational attainment, better training, and specialized roles.

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 POST-INDUSTIAL SOCIETY

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