Water💧

Present by-

Lei Yamin Chit & Myint Mo Htet

 What is WATER?
• Water also known as H2O is a molecule.

• Water is made of non-metals.

• Inorganic Compound – derived from non-living things

• Most abundant compound on Earth

• Found in nearly every living things

 About “WATER”
Water is a chemical compound consisting of two
hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. 

The bond that

forms water is a
covalent bond.
FIVE MAJOR PROPERTIES OF WATER

Water has three phases:

Solid(ice),Liquid(water),Gas(water vapour)
1. Water is liquid at room temperature, boiling point
is high at 100° C; low molecular weight molecules are
usually gaseous.
Water resists temperature change (insulator) .

2. Water has a high freezing point and ice is less

dense than water. (Thus, ice floats in water.)
 3. Water is the universal solvent for polar and ionic
molecules (means it dissolves things).
• Hydrophilic: means “water-loving”, molecules that interact
with water, soluble in water.
• Hydrophobic: means “water-fearing”, insoluble in water
• Polar: Means it has a slightly positive (+) end and a
slightly negative (-) end.

 4. Water has high surface tension

• water is more attracted to itself than to the air
around it Sticks together (+ and – attract.)
 5.Water is sticky:
• • Hydrogen bonds keep water together (polar areas attract)
• Slightly negative (-) Oxygen end is attracted to the slightly positive
(+) Hydrogen ends.

•Cohesion: attraction of water to other water molecules.

• Adhesion: attraction of water to other types of molecules.
• Capillary Action: Can adhere creep up tubes. Ability of a substance
to draw another substance into it.
Examples: - The meniscus in a graduated cylinder.
Water up a tree.
 WATER Is Polar Compound

• Electrical charge is
unevenly distributed

• Chemical Formula = H2O

 Polar Molecule

• Molecule that has electrically charged areas.

• Also called a polar substance or polar compound.

• Non-polar substances DO NOT HAVE charged ends.

• Water is polar because oxygen and hydrogen have

different electronegativity values.
Polar Molecule

• The positive hydrogen ends of 1 molecule are attracted to

the negative end of the oxygen of another molecule.

POLAR MOLECULE THE PROPERTIES OF:

Cohesion, adhesion, specific heat, universal solvent,

capillary action, surface tension

ALL HAPPEN BECAUSE WATER IS A POLAR SUBSTANCE!

Electrical Charge Of Water

Hydrogen = positive charge

Oxygen = negative charge

Hydrogen Bonding

• Hydrogen of one water molecule is attracted to

the oxygen of another water molecule.
• Partial charges cause water molecules to “stick”
together.
•This bonding gives water some of it’s unique
properties.
 Cohesion
• Because water is a polar molecule, it is attracted to
itself.

•Cohesion is the attractive force between water

molecules.

• In chemistry, cohesion is a measure of how well molecules stick

to each other or group together.

•It is caused by the cohesive attractive force between like

molecules.
 Adhesion
• Because water is a polar molecule, it is
attracted to other substances.

•Adhesion occurs when molecules of

water are attracted to other substances.

(Both Cohesion and Adhesion cause

surface tension and capillary action)
 Surface Tension
• Water has a high surface tension.
• Because water is a polar molecule;
it easily attracts other water
molecules.
• This attraction causes the surface
layer of water molecules to act as a
stretched film over the surface of the
water.
• This property is known as surface
tension.
 Capillary Action

Capillary action is the process of liquid flowing in narrow

space without the assistance of ,or even in opposition, any
external forces like gravity.
Capillary action is important for moving water around.
 Universal Solvent

• Water is the universal solvent because more substance

dissolve in water than in any chemical .
•This has to do with the polarity of each water molecules. •
The hydrogen side of each water (H2O)molecules carries a
slight positive electric charge, while the oxygen side carries
a slight negative electric charge.
 High Heat Capacity

•High heat capacity Water has the highest heat capacity of all
liquid Oceans cool shower than the land due to the high heat
capacity of water.

•To change the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree

Celsius, it takes 1.00 calories.
 Mixture, solutions and suspensions
• A mixture is a combination of substance where both substances
keep their original properties.
• Types of mixture They can be divided into two types
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous.
• Solution-one or more substance are distributed evenly in another
substance (solvent).
• All solutions are examples of Homogeneous mixture.
•Suspension is a Heterogeneous mixture of two or more
substances.
• Substances that don't dissolve but separate into tiny pieces.
 PH Scale
• PH scale Water is the basic necessity for all living
organisms
• Completely pure water has a pH level of 7.
• The usual pH range of surface water system is 6.5 to 8.5
whereas the pH range of ground water system is 6 to
8.5.pH and Drinking water.
• The U.S Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA)recommends a pH between 6.5 and 8.5 for drinking
water.
• Since metals dissolve readily in acidic water,dissolved metal
may be present in drinking water with a low pH level.
• pH and groundwater- Groundwater flows through rocks and soil that can
affect the water's pH level. For example, contact with sandstone results in a
nearly neutral pH between 6.5 and 7.5.
• Limestone,on the other hand can result in a alkaline pH of 8.5.pH and
streams and lakes.
• The pH level in a lake or stream is crucial for the survival of the fish and
aquatic plants.
• Freshwater lakes and streams typically have pH levels between 6.0 and 8.5 .
• Deeper lakes usually have a higher pH near the surface.
• Accurate pH testing helps keep drinking water and groundwater safe and
helps protect aquatic plants and animals.
Myint Mo Htet

&

Lei Yamin Chit