1 0 - 1 - 2 1 5 M U H A M M A D

N A J I - U L L A H

N U R

I M A N

B I N

A Z L A N

IMPORTANCE OF BLOOD GROUPING

INHERITANCE OF BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM

1.

ABO System

INHERITANCE OF BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM

2. Rhesus System
Parents' Rh types Both + Both + Both + Both One + & One One + & One Possible allele combinations ++ & ++ ++ & ++- & +--&-++ & - +- & - Possible Rh in the children ++ ++ or +++ or +- or - -++- or - positive positive positive or negative negative positive positive or negative

IMPORTANCE OF BLOOD GROUPING

IMPORTANCE OF BLOOD GROUPING

ABO System

RH System

Transfusion Reaction

Hemolytic Disease of Newborn (ABO)

Erythroblastic Neonate

TRANSFUSION REACTION

Transfusion reaction

Acute Hemolytic Reactions

Delayed Hemolytic Reactions

Febrile NonHemolytic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Post-transfusion Purpura

Transfusionassociated Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)

HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF NEWBORN (ABO) Maternal IgG antibodies with specificity for the ABO blood group system pass through the placenta to the fetal circulation They can cause hemolysis of fetal red blood cells which can lead to fetalanemia and HDN In contrast to Rh disease, about half of the cases of ABO HDN occur in a firstborn baby and ABO HDN does not become more severe after further pregnancies.

ERYTHROBLASTIC NEONATE

It is called Rh D Hemolytic disease of the newborn (often called Rhesus disease or Rh disease for brevity) Sensitization to Rh D lead to the production of maternal IgG anti-D antibodies which can pass through the placenta. Any subsequent pregnancy may be affected by the Rhesus D hemolytic disease of the newborn if the baby is D positive. The vast majority of Rh disease is preventable in modern antenatal care by injections of IgG anti-D antibodies (Rho(D) Immune Globulin). The incidence of Rhesus disease is mathematically related to the frequency of D negative individuals in a population, so Rhesus disease is rare in East Asians, South Americans, and Africans, but more common in Caucasians.

REFERENCE
1. 2. 3. 4.

Guyton & Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 11th Edition http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolytic_disease_of_the_newborn_(ABO) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhesus_disease http://www.medindia.net/healthnetwork/support-groups/blooddonation/discussion-posts-3186-1.htm http://anthro.palomar.edu/blood/ABO_system.htm http://ca.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110211164619AAo85r3 http://nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/landsteiner/readmore.html http://www.paternityangel.com/Articles_zone/Blood/BloodType3.htm

5. 6. 7. 8.