SYNTAX II

Argument Structure
SYNTAX

• Study of the ordering of components in phrases and

sentences.
TREE STRUCTURES

• It is very valuable thing that used to structurely represent what’s

going on in a language.
“Colorless green ideas sleep furiously.”
LEXICAL CATEGORIES

• Noun- Persons, place, or thing

• Adjective – Describe or modify noun
• Verb- Actions in the sentence
• Adverb- Describing verbs
• Pronoun- Pointing person or a thing
• Determiner-Nominal syntactic category distinct both from adj. and noun.
• Adposition-Syntactic category that includes prepositional phrases and
postpositional phrases.
PHRASE STRUCTURE RULES

• S- NP VP
• NP- (Det) (Adj) N (PP)
• PP- P NP
• VP- V (NP) (PP) (Adj)
TREE STRUCTURES/TREE DIAGRAMS

• S

NP VP

He left
TREE STRUCTURES/TREE DIAGRAMS

• S

NP VP
Adj
He left
quickly
 The big man left quickly.

• S

NP VP

Det Adj N V Adj

The big man left quickly

 The man hit the ball.

• S

NP VP

Det N V NP

Det N

The man hit the ball

The man hit the ball with the bat.
S

NP VP

Det N V NP PP

Det N P NP

Det N

The man hit the ball with the bat

I killed a mouse in my pajamas.

• S

NP VP

Pro V NP PP

Det N Prep NP

Det N

I killed a mouse in my pajamas

I killed a mouse in my pajamas.

• S

… 2nd
NP VP …… mea
… ning
…
....
1st meaning
Pro V NP PP

Det N Prep NP

Det N

I killed a mouse in my pajamas