PAVEMENT DESIGN

USING CLIL METHODS

CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBIA

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 OBJECTIVES

• UNDERSTAND AND COMPLETE THICKNESS CALCULATION BASED ON

PREVIOUS CONCEPTS
• KNOW VARIABLES INVOLVED IN AND BE ABLE TO CALCULATE
REQUIRED THICKNESS OF RIGID AND FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS

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 AASHTO PAVEMENT DESIGN
METHOD CONSIDERATIONS
• PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE
• TRAFFIC
• ROADBED SOIL
• MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
• ENVIRONMENT
• DRAINAGE
• RELIABILITY
• LIFE-CYCLE COSTS
• SHOULDER DESIGN
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TWO CATEGORIES OF ROADWAY PAVEMENTS

• RIGID PAVEMENT
• FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

RIGID PAVEMENT TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

• HIGH VOLUME TRAFFIC LANES
• FREEWAY TO FREEWAY CONNECTIONS
• EXIT RAMPS WITH HEAVY TRAFFIC

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 ADVANTAGES OF RIGID PAVEMENT

• GOOD DURABILITY
• LONG SERVICE LIFE
• WITHSTAND REPEATED FLOODING AND SUBSURFACE WATER
WITHOUT DETERIORATION

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 DISADVANTAGES OF RIGID PAVEMENT

• MAY LOSE NON-SKID SURFACE WITH TIME

• NEEDS EVEN SUB-GRADE WITH UNIFORM SETTLING
• MAY FAULT AT TRANSVERSE JOINTS

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 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT TYPICAL
APPLICATIONS
• TRAFFIC LANES
• AUXILIARY LANES
• RAMPS
• PARKING AREAS
• FRONTAGE ROADS
• SHOULDERS

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 ADVANTAGES TO FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

• ADJUSTS TO LIMITED DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT

• EASILY REPAIRED
• ADDITIONAL THICKNESS ADDED ANY TIME
• NON-SKID PROPERTIES DO NOT DETERIORATE
• QUIETER AND SMOOTHER
• TOLERATES A GREATER RANGE OF TEMPERATURES

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 DISADVANTAGES OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

• LOSES SOME FLEXIBILITY AND COHESION WITH TIME

• NEEDS RESURFACING SOONER THAN PC CONCRETE
• NOT NORMALLY CHOSEN WHERE WATER IS EXPECTED

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 BASIC AASHTO FLEXIBLE
PAVEMENT DESIGN METHOD
• DETERMINE THE DESIRED TERMINAL
SERVICEABILITY, PT
• CONVERT TRAFFIC VOLUMES TO NUMBER OF
EQUIVALENT 18-KIP SINGLE AXLE LOADS (ESAL)
• DETERMINE THE STRUCTURAL NUMBER, SN
• DETERMINE THE LAYER COEFFICIENTS, AI
• SOLVE LAYER THICKNESS EQUATIONS FOR
INDIVIDUAL LAYER THICKNESS
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 BASIC AASHTO RIGID
PAVEMENT DESIGN METHOD
• SELECT TERMINAL SERVICEABILITY
• DETERMINE NUMBER OF ESALS
• DETERMINE THE MODULUS OF SUB-GRADE REACTION
• DETERMINE THE SLAB THICKNESS

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 VARIABLES INCLUDED IN
NOMOGRAPHS
• RELIABILITY, R
• INCORPORATES A DEGREE OF CERTAINTY INTO DESIGN
PROCESS
• ENSURES VARIOUS DESIGN ALTERNATIVES WILL LAST THE
ANALYSIS PERIOD
• RESILIENT MODULUS FOR ROADBED SOIL, MR
• GENERALLY OBTAINED FROM LABORATORY TESTING

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 VARIABLES INCLUDED IN
NOMOGRAPHS
 EFFECTIVE MODULUS OF SUB-GRADE
REACTION, K
• CONSIDERS:
1. SUB-BASE TYPE
2. SUB-BASE THICKNESS
3. LOSS OF SUPPORT
4. DEPTH TO RIGID FOUNDATION
 DRAINAGE COEFFICIENT, MI
• USE IN LAYER THICKNESS DETERMINATION
• APPLIES ONLY TO BASE AND SUB-BASE
• SEE TABLES 20.15 (FLEXIBLE) AND 21.9 (RIGID)
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 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN

• PAVEMENT STRUCTURE IS A MULTI-LAYERED ELASTIC

SYSTEM, MATERIAL IS CHARACTERIZED BY CERTAIN
PROPERTIES
• MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
• RESILIENT MODULUS
• POISSON RATIO
• WHEEL LOAD CAUSES STRESS DISTRIBUTION (FIG 20.2)
• HORIZONTAL: TENSILE OR COMPRESSIVE
• VERTICAL: MAXIMUM ARE COMPRESSIVE, DECREASE WITH
DEPTH
• TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION: AFFECTS MAGNITUDE OF
STRESSES
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 COMPONENTS

Sub-grade (roadbed) course: natural material that serves as the

foundation of the pavement structure
Sub-base course: above the sub-grade, superior to sub-grade
course
Base course: above the sub base, granular materials such as
crushed stone, crushed or uncrushed slag, gravel, and sand
Surface course: upper course of the road pavement, should
withstand tire pressures, resistant to abrasive forces of traffic, 27
provide skid-resistant driving surface, prevent penetration of
surface water
 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

• DIFFERENT TREATMENTS RESULTS IN DIFFERENT DESIGNS

• EVALUATE COST OF DIFFERENT ALTERNATIVES

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 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

• INPUT DIFFERENT VALUES OF TRAFFIC VOLUME

• COMPARE RESULTING DIFFERENCES IN PAVEMENT
• FAIRLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN ADT DO NOT YIELD
EQUALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN PAVEMENT
THICKNESS

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 OTHER ISSUES

• DRAINAGE
• JOINTS
• GROOVING (NOISE VS. HYDROPLANING)
• RUMBLE STRIPS
• CLIMATE
• LEVEL AND TYPE OF USAGE

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 FAILURE EXAMPLES

• PRIMARILY RELATED TO DESIGN OR LIFE-CYCLE, NOT

CONSTRUCTION
• ALL IMAGES FROM DISTRESS IDENTIFICATION MANUAL FOR
THE LONG-TERM PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE PROGRAM,
PUBLICATION NO. FHWA-RD-03-031, JUNE 2003

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FATIGUE CRACKING

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RUTTING

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SHOVING

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PUMPING

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