Foot, Ankle, & Lower

Leg
Injuries
 Great Toe Sprain
 At the 1st Metatarsal-phalangeal joint
 Hyper extension or hyper flexion

 Pain, tenderness, and/or swelling is

on dorsal or plantar surface of MTP
joint
Ingrown Toe Nail
 Ingrown Toe Nail
 Nailgrows into surrounding tissue
 Cause : poor trimming of toe nails;
rounded instead of straight; or too
short
 Inversion Ankle Sprain
Lateral ligaments usually injured due
to stretching mechanism

85% of ankle sprains are inversion

Fibula prevents severe eversion

Deltoid ligament is stronger

 Inversion Ankle Sprain
 Deformities

 Swelling,discoloration, pain & point

tenderness
 ROM decreased

 Strength decreased

 Orthopedic Test : Anterior Drawer

Test – Grade I, II, III
Inversion
Ankle
Sprain
 Ankle Sprains
 So What structures are normally
injured?
– Grade 1: Anterior Talofibular
– Grade 2: ATF & Calcaneofibular
– Grade 3: ATF, CF, & Posterior Talofibular
Jones’ Fracture
 Jones’ Fracture
 Avulsionfracture of the 5th
metatarsal head in inversion sprain
 Xrays needed to rule out fracture if
suspected
 Achilles Tendonitis
 Irritationor inflammation of the
Achilles Tendon
 Swelling, tenderness, heat, crepitus
(crunchiness), pain
 If worsens, can lead to complete tear
Achilles’ Rupture
 Achilles Tendon Rupture
 Athlete usually falls, grabbing leg in
pain
 Feels as if they were shot in the back
of their leg
 Extreme pain, swelling, deformity or
depression, weakness or complete
loss of plantar flexion
 Orthopedic Test: Thompson’s Test
Thompson’s Test
 GASTROCNEMIUS

 STRAIN
 Shin Splints
 Called Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
 It is inflammation of the periosteum
lining of the tibia
 Caused from the Soleus muscle
insertion
– Pronation
– Out of shape or overuse
– Change in running distance, surface,
footwear, or form
 Shin Splints (cont.)
 Dull achy pain, can be present
before, during, and after activity
 Point tender on medial border of tibia

 Pain with resisted plantar flexion

(due to Soleus) involvement
 Stress Fractures
 Caused by repetitive stress
 Usually to tibia, fibula, and
metatarsals (but can occur in any
bone)
 Complain of most intense pain after
activity and during night
 Pain and swelling on bone at fracture
site
 Stress Fracture
 Bone scan is
 needed to

 diagnose
 Using those X-ray Eyes
 Percussion test
 Bump test
 Squeeze Test

 Vibration (tuning fork)

 Compression/Distraction