9.

3 Lecture
Industrialization spreads

● Ace Evering - Powerpoint

● Landon Malish - Kahoot
● Benjamin Proulx - Kahoot
Industrialization in the US

The United States had very similar resources to Britain, like coal, iron ore, rivers,
and labor from immigrants and farm workers. The blockade between the US and
Britain made it so they couldn’t exchange resources or blueprints for machines. So
because of this, the US had to develop their own industry. Industrialization in the
US started in the textile industry.

Britain wanted to keep the secrets of the industry so they tried their best to forbid
any engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers from leaving the country. However
eventually a knowledgeable cotton manufacturer emigrated to the US in 1789.
 Samuel Slater
Samuel Slater was a man born on
June 9th, 1768 in Derbyshire,
England. He was an apprentice to
Jedediah Strutt where he gained
thorough knowledge in cotton
manufacturing. He emigrated to the
US in 1789, intrigued by the bounties
for skilled workers in cotton
manufacturing. He later built the first
successful spinning mill (by
memory) in the US.
Moses Brown
About a year later after Samuel Slater made the
spinning machine. Moses Brown opened the first
factory in the US. They were used to store Slaters
machines in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. The machine,
however, only made the thread for clothing.
Francis Lowell
In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell revolutionized the
textile industry and made factories and mechanized
every stage of clothing production.Eventually they
had the money to fund another operation in another
town in Massachusetts. Lowell died in 1817, they
named the town after him, Lowell, Massachusetts. By
the 1820’s business was booming and the town
became a manufacturing center and model for other
towns.
The Mill Girls of Lowell,
Massachusetts Thousands of women flocked to these factories to
be mill girls, most of them weren’t married
and/or wanted to be independent. However, they
were watched almost 24/7 inside and outside of
work to ensure their behavior. These women
worked 12 hours for 6 days a week, after all this
hard work they would get $12-14 a month
(equivalent to $305-356 today). They were
restricted to strict schedules and harsh conditions.
Some would compare these conditions to being a
servant. And these are only some of the stuff that
the mill girls had to endure.
Later Expansion in the US
After the American Civil War in 1865, the country
experienced and technological boom, some inventions
were the light bulb and the telephone. And there was a
massive growth in urban population. Railroads proved
to be a great business opportunity so businessmen took
this to their advantage and built railroads all over the
country. By the end of the 1800’s, powerful companies
controlled more than two-thirds of the nation’s railroad
system. Some companies would merge so they can
control more railroads at once.
Vocab Words!
Corporation: A business owned by stockholders who share
its profits but are not personally responsible for their debts

Stock: Certain rights to an ownership

Continental Europe
Industrializes
European businesses wanted Great Britain’s “miracle,” they
wanted to have the same technology as Britain but the French
Revolution and Napoleonic Wars paused the trade between Great
Britain and the rest of Europe and interrupted their
communication altogether. However, the rest of Europe soon
began to industrialize.
Beginnings in
Belgium
Belgium was the country who led the rest of Europe into adopting
Britain’s new technology. Belgium had similar materials to Britain,
iron ore, coal, and waterways for east transportation. Like the US,
Belgium relied heavily on British skilled workers to industrialize
Belgium.
William & John
Cockerill
A Lancashire carpenter who illegally made his
way into Belgium in 1799, had secret plans for
building spinning machines. Eventually his
son, John Cockerill, built an enormous
industrial empire in Eastern Belgium. It made
different mechanical equipment such as steam
engine and railway locomotives. Many
different British workers came to work with
Cockerill, and several founded their own
companies across Europe.
Germany Industrializes
Germany was extremely politically divided in the 1800s. Their economic isolation and
scattered resources hampered countrywide industrialization, insteads small pockets of
industrialization appeared. Such as the coal-rich Ruhr Valley of west central Germany.

Beginning around 1835, Germany began to copy the British model. Germany imported British
equipment and engineers. German manufacturers also also sent their children to england to learn
industrial management. Germany built railroads that linked its growing manufacturing cities, such
and Frankfurt. With the Ruhr Valley’s coal and iron ore deposits.

Germany’s economic strength spurred its ability to develop as a military power. By the late
1800s, a unified, imperial Germany had become both an industrial and military giant.

(Foreshadowing)
Everywhere else in Europe
Northern Italy - Northern Italy mechanized its textile production, specializing in silk spinning

Bohemia - Developed a spinning industry

Spain - Spain’s Catalonia processed more cotton than Belgium

France - In France they sustained industrial growth occurred after 1830. French industrialization was more
stable than in other countries because of the strong agricultural economy. As a result, France avoided the
great social and economic problem caused by industrialization. After 1950, the government began to railroad
construction

Other European countries - For a variety of reasons, many European countries did not industrialize. In
Austria-Hungary and Spain, transportation posed great obstacles. Austria-Hungary’s mountainous terrain
defeated railroad builders. Spain lacked both good roads and waterways for canals
The Impact of Industrialization
The Industrialization Revolution shifted the world balance of power greatly, here are some ways
industrialization impacted the world.
● Widened the wealth gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized countries.
○ They saw nonindustrialized countries as market for manufactured goods.
● Britain exploited its overseas colonies for resources
○ Other European countries, the US, Russia, and Japan eventually followed Britain's footsteps
● Shifted worlds balance of power
● Movements for social reform (again)
● Imperialism - policy of ruling over another
THE END