Name : Nguyễn Thế Hân

Student Code : 229011054

From : IINF101
1. Information Technology : Is a branch of engineering
that uses computers and computer software to
convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and collect
information.
Information and Communication Technology : Is a
“diversified set of technological tools and resources
used to communicate, create, disseminate, store, and
manage information.”
 Difference Information Technology
Information Technology
• IT is Information Technology.
• The Information Technology (IT) industry
deals with computers, software, networks
and other IT infrastructure to help relay or
manage information that is very important
in modern life, mainly found in large
companies or corporations that run multi-
billion dollar business ventures.
• IT is an industry in itself which employs
the use of computers, elaborate networks,
computer software, and other digital or
electronic devices for managing and
communicating information.
Information and Communication Technology
• ICT is Information Communications
Technology.
• ICT is used in academia for the benefit of
individuals or organizations of a smaller size
than that handled by IT professionals in larger
industries. ICT can be as simple as using
audiovisual equipment to learn at school,
using electronic phones and other devices to
help transmit information on campus.
• ICT is mainly used in the academic setup
while IT is used in more complex and bigger
organizations such as companies and large
corporations.
2. 3 Pros:
- Protecting and Storing Information.
For example : Users can easily drag and drop files in cloud storage. It's easy to save all your files and data in the cloud without
the need for highly technical knowledge. Stored files can be easily accessed from anywhere in the world with just a few clicks
and an internet connection.
- Communication.
For example : Through internet communication, time and money are saved. This is because it is much cheaper and quicker to
transfer information around. It also becomes faster and efficient to contact a business partner or a relative. We can now
communicate with anyone around the world through emails and text messages instantly. The internet has also provided face-
to-face communication, thanks to Skype, social media sites, video conferencing, and many other ways offered by
communication companies.
- Globalization and Cultural Gap.
For example : Globalization makes it easier than ever to access foreign culture, including food, movies, music, and art. This free
flow of people, goods, art, and information is the reason you can have Thai food delivered to your apartment as you listen to
your favorite UK-based artist or stream a Bollywood movie.
3 Cons:
- Loss of communication skills.
For example : The next weak point in communication that we often make is the loss of control in our words. Here I am referring to being
overwhelmed by the opposite person or vice versa. Whether you're the one who talks too much or doesn't speak at all, it's all a weakness
In communication the element of balance and control is extremely necessary. If you can't control your emotions, you can easily make oth
uncomfortable.
- Internet Security Issues.
For example : Malware: Short for “malware,” malware comes in many forms, including computer viruses, worms, Trojans, and dishonest
spyware.
- Domination culture.
For example : Dominant culture – While information technology has broken the barrier of distance andlanguage, it also has greater
influence on those who do not wish to learn their ownculture.One example is language, English, dur the America’s influence on the
Internet,seems to be the primary mode of communication for all business and everything else onthe Internet, that most young people
begin to forget their roots and loos site of theirculture.
 3. Top 5 supercomputers in the world
1. Fugaku, Japan.
Built by Fujitsu, Fugaku is installed at the RIKEN Center for Computational Science (R-
CCS) in Kobe, Japan. With its additional hardware, the system achieved a new world
record of 442 petaflops result on HPL, making it three times ahead of the number two
system in the list.
RIKEN’s director, Satoshi Matsuoka, stated that the improvement came as they were
“finally being able to use the entire machine rather than just a good chunk of it.”
Since the June competition, his team has been able to fine-tune the code for maximum
performance. “I don’t think we can improve much anymore,” Matsuoka said.
2. Summit, U.S.
Based at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Tennessee, Summit
was built by IBM and is the fastest system in the US.. Launched in 2018, it
has a performance of 148.8 petaflops and has 4,356 nodes, each one
housing two 22-core Power9 CPUs and six NVIDIA Tesla V100 GPUs.
Recently, two teams working on Summit won the prestigious 
Gordon Bell Prize for outstanding achievement in high-performance
computing, commonly referred to as the ‘Nobel Prize of supercomputing.’
3. Sierra, U.S.
A system at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in California, Sierra has an HPL
mark of 94.6 petaflops. With each of its 4,320 nodes equipped with two Power9 CPUs and four
NVIDIA Tesla V100 GPUs, it has an architecture similar to that of Summit.
Sierra also made it to the 15th position on the Green500 List of the world’s most energy-
efficient supercomputers.

4. Sunway TaihuLight, China

Installed at China’s National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi, Sunway TaihuLight
previously held the Number 1 spot for two years (2016-2017). However, its rank has since
fallen. While it was in third position last year, it has now slipped to fourth.
Built by China’s National Research Center of Parallel Computer Engineering & Technology
(NRCPC), it achieved 93 petaflops on its HPL benchmark. It is powered exclusively by
Sunway SW26010 processors.

5. Selene, U.S.
Installed in-house at NVIDIA Corp, Selene jumped to fifth position from seventh position
in the June rankings. After a recent upgrade, Selene achieved 63.4 petaflops on HPL,
nearly doubling its previous score of 27.6 petaflops.
NVIDIA unveiled Selene, its AI supercomputer, in June this year, after constructing and
running it in less than a month. Its key uses include system development and testing, in-
house AI workloads, and chip design work.
4. Motherboard
 5. Top 5 chips in reality
1. AMD Ryzen 5 5600X
At the top of this list has got to be the AMD Ryzen 5 5600X. It is a great mix of value,
performance, and compatibility, making it a best seller. The six-core, 12-thread
processor is marketed as a pure gaming chip, and it has the specs to back it up. It
benchmarks much higher than other mid-range competitors. It also has a very high
boost clock threshold, but the base clock is a little slower than Intel’s i5-10600K.

2. Intel Core i7-12700K

The i7-12700K has 12 cores, 8P cores and 4E cores, and 20 threads. For those that
don’t know, Performance, or P, cores represent multithreading while Efficiency, or
E, cores are single threads. This is a part of the new Alder Lake hybrid x86 design,
putting it back in the fight with AMD’s 5000 series chips.
The price is also more forgiving than the competition. When AMD upped its prices
with the 5000 series in 2020, Intel built a strategy around value. The 12700K is more
bang for the buck than both the Ryzen 7 and even Ryzen 9 while maintaining peak
performance. It’s clear that Intel has bounced back from the ropes and the fight
rages on.
3. AMD Ryzen 7 5800X
The AMD Ryzen 7 5800X is the next step up from the Ryzen 5 5600X. It’s built with
the same Zen-3 microarchitecture with eight cores and 16-threads. Zen-3 has upped
AMD’s game in performance by vastly reducing memory latency and boosting
efficiency. Gamers can expect a smooth, next-gen experience from this chip.
This chip also benefits from a high boost clock threshold for gamers looking to push
the limits of their machines. As a workstation, the added core count makes it great
for editing 4K footage with reasonable render times. Despite the additional cores,
the Ryzen 7 5800X doesn’t seem to outperform the Ryzen 5 5600X in gaming
benchmarks. It also lacks integrated graphics, unlike its Intel contemporaries.

4. Intel Core i9 12900K

AMD might have closed the gap in the battle for chip supremacy but Intel remains
one of the largest chip companies in the world. The Intel Core i9 12900K is proof of
what Intel is capable of at the height of its powers. The Alder Lake flagship chip
was a huge success for Intel when it first came out. It sports 16 cores and 24
threads, but since this is the Alder Lake configuration, those are no normal cores.
The 12900K is rocking 8 P cores and 8 E cores.
Alder Lake chips work a little differently than you’re probably used to. Before you
take the core count, double it, and you’ve got your thread count. Now, the core
might be the same but depending on the number of P and E cores, the threads
might seem uneven. This shows that the Core i9 12900K is the pinnacle of power in
this new configuration.
5. AMD Ryzen 9 5900X
Staying at the high end of this list is the AMD Ryzen 9 5900X. Like the rest
of the 5000 series Zen-3 chips, the 5900X was finally able to stand toe to
toe with Intel. The single-core, multi-threaded processor has 16 cores and
32 threads with a base clock of 3.7 GHz.
This processor is a powerhouse for gamers and content creators alike. It’s
the highest-end chip in the 5000 series, besides the 5950K which specs a
little higher, but comes at a price. It was originally priced at $549 but right
now you can pick one up on Amazon for $389.99.
 6. 10 Inputs how to read data
1. Keyboard
The keyboard is one of the most prominent input devices on a computer.
It works similar to a typewriter. The keyboard is designed for entering text
numbers and characters. By using the keyboard, we do all the writing on
the computer.
2. Mouse
Mouse is placed on the Plane or Trackpad, used to control the Pointer. By
Left Click, Double Click, Right Click, Drag, Scroll. From there we can
perform basic tasks such as selecting, opening, deleting files and folders.
3. Joystick
The joystick is another example of an input device, which is a vertical rod-
shaped device that looks like a movable vertical handle. With the help of
these computer input devices, we can move the cursor in any direction on
the screen.
4. Trackball
The trackball is a pointing device like a mouse but a little different from
the input device of a computer. It has a floating ball and several buttons.
Naturally, while holding, you place your thumb on the ball and your
fingers on the button, which is used by manually rotating your fingers.
5. Digital camera
A digital camera is a photographic input device in which images
or videos are recorded on a CCD system and stored in digital
form in a memory card. It can not only capture and digitize
images, but also record sound and capture parameters.
6. Scanner
Another example of a computer input device is a scanner. A
scanner is a digital input device used to scan images, printed text
and objects, and then convert it to a digital format.
7. Barcode reader
Barcode readers are used to input data from barcodes. It is used
to read barcodes printed on any product with barcodes. Barcode
readers detect existing data in a barcode by shining beams of
light onto the barcodes. In such a way, information is obtained.
8.OCR
The full form of OCR is "Optical Character Recognition". OCR is a
technology used to read numbers, letters or symbols in digital
format.
9. Biometric machine
A biometric system is an example of a computer input
device that identifies a person through biometric
sensors. With the help of biometric machines, a person's
details can be identified by their face, fingers, eyes, voice
or thumb impression.

10. Microphone
A microphone or microphone is an example of an input
device. Through this we can send recorded audio or
directly to the computing microphone. Microphones are
used in recorders, online chat, singing, etc.
 7. 7 inputs how to display information
1. Keyboard
Letters and numbers:
Above image of Alphanumeric key located in the center of the keyboard.
This section is the most important because it includes  Alphabet (AZ),
Number (0-9), Symbol (@, #, $, %, ^, *, &, +, !, =).In this section, among
the additional keys that are   numbers, symbols and alphabets, there are
four Tab, Caps, Backspace and Enter keys for some specific functions.
2. Mouse
Its functions include detecting motion when it is moved on a flat surface
and entering this information so that the CPU interprets it and thus the
mouse pointer mimics the movement on the computer screen.
3. Joystick
Almost all of them resemble a gear lever or an airplane joystick. Usually,
it contains buttons, switches, sliders. The button is usually at the top of
it, used to select the option specified by the cursor.
It is more convenient to control the joystick in different emulators. For
example, to control video games, training simulators, helicopters and
other devices with similar control systems.
4. Trackball
Function buttons: These side buttons allow programming, to
perform specific functions in the Internet browser or for
specific tasks desired by the user.
5. Digital Camera
Digital cameras allow us to take pictures and instantly create
documents in a standard format for computers or other
devices. Digital cameras use a CCD sensor or a Charge
Coherence Device as the focal plane.
6. Scanner
It is also known as the Xerox machine. Image scanners are
used in many domestic and industrial applications such as
design, gaming, reverse engineering, and testing.
7. Barcode Reader
Barcode systems and readers prove very useful in
businesses. With the help of barcodes, large companies can
track their products. You can quickly get the Price and
Inventory Level from the barcode. Companies use this in their
Computer Centralized System to increase efficiency and
productivity.
 8. 10 Different application software
1. Windows
The Windows Operating System is perhaps one of the most
well-known system software. Many laptops and desktops use
the Windows OS.
Using the Windows OS, you can install various application
software, like Microsoft Word, Google Chrome, Firefox, and
many other applications.
2. Mac OS
The Mac Operating System, along with Windows, is one of the
most popular operating systems. It only makes up less than
15 percent of the market share, but it is still one of the oldest
and most widely used system software, after Windows.
Most application software can be run using either Windows
or Mac.
3. Chrome OS
The Chrome OS is not very well known or widely used, but it
is a web-based system software and operating system that
powers Chromebooks. Using the Chrome OS, you can run
application software – mainly Google Chrome but also various
Android apps, like the Microsoft Word Android app.
4. Ubuntu
Ubuntu is another operating system running on Linux. It is free and
open-source, which is what makes it so attractive to many.
Using Ubuntu, you can download various application software from the
Ubuntu Software Centre. The Ubuntu system software allows you to run
application software like Firefox, Skype, and Telegram.
5. Android
Android is, by far, the most popular mobile system software. It powers
over 70 percent of phones, while iOS is a close runner-up.
Using the Android system software, you can run application software
like the Google Chrome app, the Whatsapp application software, the
mobile Facebook app, the Instagram app, and many others.
These are all application software – after all, they require a functioning
mobile system software to work, but the Android OS is independent of
them and will work without application software, regardless of which
application software comes preinstalled on your phone.
6. iOS
The iOS system software is the second most popular mobile system
software. It allows you to run other types of applications, not all of
which are available on Android devices.
In addition to phones, many tablets – iPads – use the iOS system
software.
7. Blackberry
Blackberry was once one of the most popular – if not the most popular
– mobile system software. However, it now only accounts for a tiny
percentage of mobile phones.
The Blackberry operating system software has its own applications that
can be run on it.
8. PlayStation System Software
Each PlayStation version has its own system software for operating the
device. For example, the PlayStation 3 has its own system software,
while the PlayStation 4 has its system software, which is an operating
system called Orbis OS.
The PlayStation 4 system software allows you to run applications. That
application software allows you to complete tasks like play games, listen
to music, and browse the web.
9. Xbox System Software
Xbox consoles use the Xbox system software to run. Actually, the Xbox
system software has historically been based on the Microsoft Windows
system software.
The newer system software of the newer Xbox versions are more
compatible with Windows system software, as they are less modified.
10. Nintendo System Software

Nintendo devices have their own system software. For

example, the Nintendo Switch has a system software based
on the Nintendo 3DS system software, and it is called
Horizon.
Using the Nintendo Switch system software, you can do
tasks like play games and chat with friends.
9. Convert the following decimal into binary : 45, 177, 633, 1288.
9. Convert the following decimal into binary : 45, 177, 633, 1288.
10. Convert the following bionary into decimal : 0110 1101, 1110 1001, 1111 0011 0101 1001.