HYPOTHESIS

TESTING

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 HYPOTHESIS

a verbal statement, or claim, about

a population parameter. This
statement may or may not be true.

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HYPOTHESIS TESTING

process that uses sample

statistics to test a claim
about the value of a
population parameter

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2 Types of Hypotheses

1. Null Hypothesis
2. Alternative Hypothesis

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 1. NULL HYPOTHESIS
“H subzero” or “H naught”
denoted by H0 is a statistical hypothesis that
contains a statement of equality, =

currently accepted value for a paramater

a claim of “NO DIFFERENCE or NO
EFFECT in the population”

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2. ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
“H sub-a”
denoted by Ha is a statement that there is a
difference between a parameter and a specific value
and contains a statement of inequality such as >, ,
or <.

also called the research hypothesis

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 Two-tailed Left-tailed Right-tailed
test test test

: : :
Types of Hypothesis Testing
 SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL

the criterion used for rejecting the null hypothesis

The Greek letter alpha (α) is to indicate

the significance level.

An α of 0.05 indicates that you are willing to

accept a 5% chance that you are wrong when
you reject the null hypothesis.

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 Types of Errors
Always begin the hypothesis test assuming that
the null hypothesis is true.
At the end of the test, one of two decisions will be made:
1. reject the null hypothesis, or
2. fail to reject the null hypothesis.

A type I error occurs if the null hypothesis is rejected

when it is true.
A type II error occurs if the null hypothesis is not
rejected when it is false.
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Four Possible Outcomes in Decision-Making

Type I Error
Correct Decision

Type II Error
Correct Decision

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 Notation
PARAMETER SYMBOL
Mean/Average µ
Percent/Ratio/ p
Proportion

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 State the null and alternative hypotheses in each situation

1. Wilkin’s bottled water precisely contains 500mL.

2. Summit bottled water contains at least 500mL.
3. Lipton iced tea contains less than 15 g sugar.
4. Sixty-three percent of people would rather hear bad
news before hearing the good news.
5. Less than 70% of the population would like to
participate in the clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccine

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1. Wilkin’s bottled water precisely
contains 500mL.
𝑯 𝟎 : 𝝁=𝟓𝟎𝟎
:

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2. Summit bottled water contains
at least 500mL.

𝑯 𝟎 :𝝁=𝟓𝟎𝟎
:

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3. Lipton iced tea contains less than
15 g sugar.

𝑯 𝟎 :𝝁=𝟏𝟓
:

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4. Sixty-three percent of people
would rather hear bad news
before hearing the good news.

𝑯 𝟎 :𝒑=𝟎.𝟔𝟑
:p

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5. Less than 70% of the population
would like to participate in the
clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccine

𝑯 𝟎 :𝒑=𝟎.𝟕𝟎
:p

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