REVIEW ARTICLE ON SYNTHESIS OF

GRAPHENE BY TOP-DOWN APPROACH

 REVIEW ON SYNTHESIS OF GRAPHENE

 Review article is a synopsis of several research studies.

 Graphene is a two-dimensional honeycomb structure made out of
hexagons.
 Graphene is used in various fields such as energy, environment,
biomedical and sensor.
 This project will focus on various methods of top-down approach to
synthesis graphene including its typical dimensions, characterizations,
advantages and disadvantages.
 GENERAL SYNTHESIS METHODS TO
PRODUCE GRAPHENE

Top-down approach: Bottom-up approach:

Breaks graphene precursor into Implements carbon molecules as
atomic layers. building blocks
 TOP-DOWN APPROACH

TOP-DOWN
APPROACH

MECHANICAL LIQUID-PHASE NANOTUBE LASER

EXFOLIATION EXFOLIATION SLICING ABLATION
 MECHANICAL EXFOLIATION

MICROMECHANICAL
CLEAVAGE

CONTINUOUS
MECHANICAL CLEAVAGE

FLUID DYNAMICS

VORTEX FLUIDIC PRESSURE DRIVEN MIXER DRIVEN

DYNAMICS FLUID DYNAMICS FLUID DYNAMICS
LIQUID-PHASE EXFOLIATION

NATURAL
GRAPHENE

EXPANDED
GRAPHITE
ORGANIC
SOLVENT

SURFACTANTS
 NANOTUBE
Laser ablation
SLICING

 financially viable for Parameters must be

commercial production controlled
SEM and TEM Need solid carbon as source
Single to few-layer material
 METHODS TYPICAL DIMENSION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
THICKNESS LATERAL
Micromechanical cleavage Few-layer of Few tens of nanometre High quality of Time consuming
HOPG graphene flakes limited to laboratory
research
Continuous mechanical Monolayer and 1.13nm-1.14nm The machine is The adhesive cost is
cleavage few-layer easily available too high
graphene
Fluid dynamics Single and Nanometre to High quality Time consuming and
multilayer micrometre graphene labour intensive

Liquid-phase exfoliation Single and few- 5μm to 20μm Easy , safe, Low graphene
layer scalable concentration
economical
Nanotube slicing Single to few- ~50nm Quality is high Financially viable
layer for commercial
production
Laser ablation Single, bi and Less than 100nm Simple and High input energy
few-layer inexpensive
procedure
THANK YOU