GROUP 5

Leader:
Jennifer Tamayo
Members:
Adrianna Soriano
Russel Joy Vergara
Diana Kaye C. Villanueva
Claudine Viray
JOSE RIZAL AND PHILIPPINE
NATIONALISM:
BAYANI AND KABAYANIHAN
 1. Introduction 5. Progressive Education

2. Bayani vs. Hero 6. Social Entrepreneurship

TOPICS 3. The Changing Forms and

Definitions of Bayani and 7. Community
Kabayanihan Development

8. Rizal Awakened the

4. Who made Rizal our Mind and Perspective of
Filipino Towards
foremost Bayani? Nationalism
What does the word ‘HERO’ mean to you?
BAYANI VS. HERO

•The Merriam – Webster Online

Dictionary define “hero” as “a
mythological or legendary figure
often of divine descent endowed
with great strength or ability; an
illustrious warrior; a person
admired for achievements and
noble qualities, one who shows
great courage.”
• On the other hand, the Up Diksiyionaryong Filipino (2001) give three
meaningsn for „bayani‟: “

(a) A person of extraordinary courage and ability;

(b) A person considered to possess extraordinary talents or someone who did
something noble (“dakila”);
(c) A leading man in a play
 - someone who is brave or
valiant, someone who
works toward a common
task or cooperative
BAYANI endeavor.
-The Vocabulario de la
lengua Tagala by the
Jesuits Juan de Noceda
and Pedro de Sanlucer
1754 & 1860)
 History Professor Ambeth
Ocampo
Bayan
- the space between here and the sky
- is also a town, municipality, pueblo, or nation
- Can also refer to people and citizens (mamamayan) who
live in those communities, or to those who originate or
come from thesame place (kababayan).
- Also refers to the day (araw) or a time of day (malalim
ang bayan) or even to the weather, good or bad
(masamang bayan).
The Changing Forms and
Definitions of Bayani and
Kabayanihan
OLD

• Mga bayani may historically (and profoundly) refer to those

who contributed to the birth of a nation
MODERN
• bayani may refer to someone who contributes
to a nation in a global world
 - Bagong Bayani “ Modern- Day Heroes”

Overseas - Working abroad is a form oftaking risks

(pakikipagsapalaran).
Filipino
Workers - OFWs also play a vital role in the progress of
the Philippines‟ economic status.
(OFW’S)
- Help stabilize the Philippine peso in relation
to peso-dollar exchange and also contribute to
the country‟s GNP growth.
• Ang salitang “bayani” ay isang Austronesian an salita na dinala ng
ating mga katutubo sa ating bayan. Ang mga bayani ay ang mga
mandirigma kung saan sila ay nanguna sa pagtatanggol ng pamayanan
laban sa mga kinahaharap na mga kaaway at mga panganib. Ang ilan sa
mga diribatibo ng salitang bayani ay bajani, majani,
bagabnim, bahani
 (a) Maniklad, ang pinakamababang uri ng
Antas ng bayani na nakapatay ng isa o dalawang
kaaway, karaniwang siya ay nakasuot ng
Pagiging putong na pula at dilaw
(b) Hanagan naman kung tawagin ang nasa
Bayani ikalawang antas, siya ay sumasailalim sa
ritwal na kung saan ay dapat siyang sapian
ayon kay ni Tagbusaw, ang diyos ng pakikidigma ay
Ricardo kainin ang atay at puso ng mga kaaway.
Karaniwang nagsusuot ang mga ito ng
Nolasco pulag putong;
(c) Kinaboan naman kung tawagin ang makakapatay ng dalawampu
hanggang dalawamput pito at karaniwang nakasuot ng pulang pantalon;
(d) Luto naman kung tawagin ang makakapatay ng limampu hanggang 100
na kaaway at karaniwang nagsusuot ng pulang jacket;
(e) Lunugum naman ang pinakapaborito ng diyos na si Tagbusaw dahil dito
maipakikita niya ang kanyang kaaway sa sarili nitong tahanan. Itim ang
karaniwang suot ng mga ito. (Ang salitang Bayani sa Pilipinas,”n.d)
 Dr. Zues A. Salazar
• Filipino Historian and Pantayong Pananaw
proponent Dr. Zeus A. Salazar offers another
sense of the term bayani and believes that mga
bayani are different from “heroes.”
“ang mga bayani ay mga taong naglalakbay at bumabalik sa bayan...
ang mga bayani ay lumalaban ng may kooperasyon [samantalang] ang mga
hero (western concept) ay lumalaban mag-isa.. Ang bayani ah hindi
kailangang mamatay upang maging bayani, kailangan niya lang gumawa ng
magagandang impluwensya at mga Gawain sa bayan upang tawaging
bayani.
Who Made Rizal Our Foremost Bayani?
• Esteban A, de Ocampo‟s article, “Who made Rizal Our Foremost National
Hero, and Why?” has become well-known in depending Jose Rizal‟s
being the Philippine‟s foremost hero. Essentially, it denies the claim that
Rizal is a made-to-order national hero manufactured by the Americans,
chiefly by then Civil Governor William Howard Taft.
• Ocampo uses as basis the meaning of the term hero by the Webster‟s New
International Dictionary of the English Language:
a. a prominent or central personage taking admirable part in any
remarkable action or event;
b. a person of distinguished valor or enterprise in danger;
c. a man honored after death by public worship, because of exceptional
service to mankind
• In 1902, Cong. Henry Allen Cooper of Wisconsin delivered a eulogy of Rizal and
even recited the hero‟s last poem at the U.S. House of Representatives to
justify the capacity of the Filipinos for self-government. In part, he said: “...So
Sir, I say to all those who denounce Filipino indiscriminately as barbarians and
savages, without possibility of a civilized future, that this despised race proved itself
entitled to their respect and to the respect of mankind when it furnished to the world
the character of Jose Rizal.”
• De Ocampo uses as justification the description by Rafael Palma and Dr. Frank
C. Laubach (an American biographer of Rizal) Rizal’s noble self-denial, heroism,
moral courage, and complete abandonment of his personal interest to think only of
those of his country.
• Anchoring on the third quoted definition of “hero,” De Ocampo proposes that
Rizal “is a man honored after death by public worship, because of
exceptional service to
mankind.”
• Writing from Barcelona to the Great Malayan on March 10, 1889, M. H. del Pilar
said: “Rizal no tiene aun derecho a morir: su nombre constutuye la mas pura e
immaculada bandera de aspiraciones y Plaridel los suyos no son otra causa ma que
immaculada unos voluntaries que militant bajo esa bandera.” Fernando Acevedo, who
called Rizal his distinguido amigo, compañero y paisano, wrote Rizal a letter from
Zaragoza, Spain on October 25,1889: “I see in you the model Filipino; your
application to study and your talents have been placed on a height which I revere
and admire...”
• Prof. Blumentritt told Dr. Maximo Viola in May 1887 that “Rizal was the greatest
product of the Philippines and that his coming to the world was like the appearance of a
rare comet, whose rare brilliance appears only every other century.” Napoleon
Kheil of Prague, Austria, wrote to Rizal and said “admiro en Vd.[a] un noble
representante de la España colonial.” Dr. Rost, distinguished Malayologist and
librarian of the India office of London, called Rizal “una perla hombre,”
• A year after Rizal‟s execution, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and the other
revolutionary chiefs exiled to Hong Kong held a commemorative program
there on December 29, 1897 on the occasion of the first anniversary of the
hero‟s execution and martyrdom.
• Of utmost significance in the public‟s appreciation for Rizal‟s patriotic
labors in behalf of his people were the tributes paid by the revolutionary
government in his memory. In his opening address at the congress
assembled in Malolos, Bulacan on September 15, 1898, Pres. Aguinaldo
invoked the spirits of the departed heroes of the fatherland
 • Pres. Aguinaldo issued the first official
proclamation making December 30 of
December that year “Rizal Day.” The same
proclamation ordered the hoisting of the
20, 1898 Filipino flag at half-mast “from
noon on December 30, 1898” and the
closing of “all offices of the government”
during the whole day of December 30.
• Related to this claim is the argument that the foremost national heroes
of some other countries are soldier generals while Rizal never held any
gun, rifle, or a sword in fighting for the liberty and
independence of our country.
• “our people in exercising their good sense, independent judgment, and
unusual discernment, have not followed the examples of many other
nations in selecting and acknowledging a military leader for their
greatest hero‟
•Who made Rizal the foremost hero of the Philippines? The answer is: No single person or
groups of persons were responsible for making the Greatest Malayan the No. 1 Hero of his
people. Rizal himself, his own people, and the foreigners all together contributed to make
him the greatest
hero and martyr of his people. No amount of adulation and canonization by both Filipinos
and foreigners could convert Rizal into a great hero if he did not possess in himself
what Palma calls „excellent qualities and merits.

•Civil Governor William Howard Taft, chose Jose Rizal to be the national hero as a
strategy. Rizal didn't want bloody revolution in his time. So they wanted him to be
a "good example" to the Filipinos so that the people will not revolt against the
Americans.
Adding that, Rizal passed the Criteria for National Heroes:

1. Heroes are those who have a concept of nation and thereafter aspire and struggle for
the nation’s freedom. In reality, however, a revolution has no end. Revolutions are only
the beginning. One cannot aspire to be free only to sink back into bondage.
2. Heroes are those who define and contribute to a system or life of freedom and order
for a nation. Freedom without order will only lead to anarchy. Therefore, heroes are
those who make the nation’s constitution and laws. To the latter, constitutions are only
the beginning, for it is the people living under the constitution that truly constitute a
nation.
3. Heroes are those who contribute to the quality of life and destiny of a nation.
(As defined by Dr. Onofre D. Corpuz)
 PROGRESSIVE EDUCATION

According to Kennedy, (2019), Progressive education is a reaction to

the traditional style of teaching. It's a pedagogical movement that
values experience over learning facts at the expense of
understanding what is being taught. When you examine
the teaching styles and curriculum of the 19th century, you
understand why certain educators decided that there had to be a
better way
 SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

• Rizal formed Dapitan’s first farmers’ cooperative, the Sociedad de

Agricultores Dapitanos (SAD), where capital was to be provided by
“socios industriales” (industrial partners) and “socios accionistas”
(shareholders)
• January 1, 1985 – the cooperative aimed to improve/promote
agricultural products, obtain their profits for them, and provide
capital.
 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

• Rizal developed Dapitan’s first park, complete with street lamps and a
garden in island of Mindanao.
• He built a one-doctor hospital and people of Dapitan were not charge for
any consciousness.
• Jose Rizal is not only admired for possessing intellectual brilliance but
also for taking a stand and resisting the Spanish colonial government.
• Rizal always remembered for his compassion towards the Filipino people
and country.
• While in Barcelona, Rizal contributed poems,
essays, allegories, and editorials to the Spanish
newspaper, “La Solidaridad”.
• However, among
his best works, two
novels stood out:
1. Noli Me Tangere
(Touch Me Not)
2. El Filibusterismo
(The Reign of
Greed)
Rizal Awakened the Mind and Perspective of Filipino Towards
Nationalism

• As more Filipino read the books, their eyes are opened

to the truth that they were suffering unspeakable abuses
in thr hands of the friars.
 Jose Rizal and Philippine
Nationalism:
National Symbol

Reporter:
Jennifer Tamayo
Russel Joy Vergara
Executive • Criteria for national heroes as determined
Order No. by the National Heroes Committees

75, 1993
For you what is being a Hero?
Have you Heard?

• No law, executive order or proclamation has been enacted or issued officially

proclaiming any Filipino historical figure as a national hero.
• Jose Rizal was not explicitly proclaimed as a national hero the position he
now holds in Philippine history is a tribute to the continued veneration or
acclamation of the people in recognition of his contribution to the significant
social transformations that took place in our country.
 • On March 28, 1993, President Fidel V.
Ramos issued Executive Order No. 75 ,
entitled " Creating the National Heroes
Committee Under the office of the
President “
National • Executive Order No. 75, 1993
• Creating the National Heroes Committee
Heroes Under the office of the President
Committee • WHEREAS, the State is mandated to foster
patriotism and nationalism among the
citizens, especially the youth, pursuant to
Article II, Sections 13 and 17, of the
Constitutions;
• WHEREAS, Almighty God has gifted the sovereign Filipino people with National
Heroes, the men and women of sterling character and remarkable achievements
that directed, and continue to direct, the historic destiny of the country;triotism and
nationalism among the citizens, especially the youth, pursuant to Article II,
Sections 13 and 17, of the Constitutions;
• WHEREAS, it is timely and appropriate to proclaim these National Heroes, the
renowned achievers of their generations and the shinning exemplars of these times;
• NOW, THEREFORE, I, FIDEL V. RAMOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue
of the powers vested in me by law, do hereby order:
 Executive Order No.75, 1993

SECTION 1. A National Heroes

SEC. 2. All departments, bureaus,
Committee is hereby created,
offices, agencies and instrumentalities
composed of the Secretary of
of the Government, including
Education, Culture and Sports as
government-owned or controlled
Chairman, and the Secretary of
corporations, are hereby directed to
Foreign Affairs and the Secretary of
extend the fullest support to the
National Defense as Members, to
National Heroes Committee in the
study and recommend the
performance of its functions.
proclamation of National Heroes.
 SEC. 3. The private
SEC. 4. The National
sector is hereby urged to
Historical Commission SEC. 5. This Executive
assist the National
shall act as Secretariat Order shall take effect
Heroes Committee in
of the National Heroes immediately.
the performance of its
Committee.
functions.
• To study, evaluate and recommend Filipino national heroes in due
recognition of their sterling character and remarkable achievements for
the country.
 Heroes are those who have a concept
of nation and thereafter aspire and
struggle for the nations freedom.
Criteria
Heroes are those who define and
for contribute to a system or life of
National freedom and order for a nation.

Heroes Heroes are those who contribute to

the quality of life and destiny of a
nation.
 A hero is part of the people’s expression.
But the process of a people’s internalization
of a hero’s life and works takes time, with
the youth forming a part of the
Additiona internalization.

l Criteria A hero thinks of the future, especially the

future generations.
for
Heroes: The choice of a hero involves not only the
recounting of an episode or events in history,
but of the entire process that made this
particular person a hero.
 Historical Figures Recommended as
National Heroes

Andres Emilio Apolinario Gabriela

Jose Rizal
Bonifacio Aguinaldo Mabini Silang

Sultan
Marcelo H. Melchora
Dipatuan Juan Luna
Del Pilar Aquino
Kudarat
• Since the submission of the report/ recommendations by the National
Heroes Committee
• This was probably because this might trigger a flood of requests for
proclamation. Another possibility is that the proclamations can trigger
bitter debates involving historical controversies about the heroes.
 Decree of December 20, 1898

December 30 of every year a day of national mourning in honor of Dr.

Jose Rizal

Laws Act No. 137

Honoring/
Commemorati First official step taken by the Taft Commission to honor our greatest
hero and martyr.
ng Filipino
Historical Act No. 2946

Figures November 30 of each year a legal holiday to commemorate the birth of

Andres Bonifacio

Act No. 2760

Confirmed for the creation, maintenance, improvement of national

monuments and for the erection of a monument of Andres Bonifacio
 Act No. 3827
Laws
Honoring/ Last Sunday of August of every year as
Commemorati National Heroes Day
ng Filipino
Historical Proclamation No. 510
Figures
Declared the year 1996 as the year of
Filipino Heroes as a tribute to all
Filipinos
 Values Highlighted by Rizal’s Life The following are the values
of Rizal as a National symbol:

1.Nationalism 8.Noble
4.Love of 5.Love of 6.Devotion to 7.Purity and
2.Patriotism Thought and
Fellowmen Parents Truth Idealism
Conduct

10.Dedication 11.Moral
9.Charity 12.Will power 13.Integrity .14.Sincerity 15.Self-Denial
to Duty Courage

17.Discipline 20.Chivalry,
16.Perseveranc 22.Love for
and Self- 18.Initiative 19.Prudence Courtesy, and 21.Frugality
e Justice .
Control Politeness
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!!!