Graphs &

Transformations
What does the graph of look like?

What does the graph of look like?

When sketching a graph we need to identify:
• where the graph crosses the y-axis (i.e. what is y when x = 0?)
• where the graph crosses the x-axis (i.e. what is x when y = 0?)

Example 1

Sketch the graph of ,

given that
Example 2 Pg 62 Ex 4A Q1

Sketch the graph of

Example 3 Pg 63 Ex 4A Q2

Sketch the graph of

Example 4

Sketch
 Example 5 Pg 63 Ex 4A Q3→

Sketch the graph of

When ,

So

has no real solutions.

The only place the curve crosses the -axis is (2, 0)

When

Note: We haven’t got enough

information to know the
exact shape of the graph.
Exam Question Time 1

1. Factorise completely

Hence, sketch the graph of

showing clearly where the graph crosses the axes.

2. Factorise completely

Hence, sketch the graph of

showing clearly where the graph crosses the axes.

Quartic Graphs
A quartic function has the form where and are real numbers and is non-zero.

Example 6

Sketch the graph of

Example 7

Sketch the graph of

Example 8 Pg 65 Ex 4B

Sketch the graph of

Graphing Reciprocals
Plot the graph of for -4≤x≤4.
 The curves with equation fall into one of two types.

Type 1: Type 2:

In both cases the x and y axes are asymptotes.

An asymptote is a line that the graph tends towards but doesn’t cross. We
show an asymptote by drawing a dotted line.
 The curves with equation fall into one of two types.

Type 1: Type 2:

Again, the x and y axes are asymptotes.

 The diagram below shows the graphs of and . Pg 67 Ex 4C
Which graph is which?

What would the graph of look like?

Match each equation to its graph.
Points of Intersection
The -coordinate(s) at the points of intersection of the curves with equation
and are the solution(s) to the equation Pg 69 Ex 4D

Example 9

(a) On the same diagram sketch the graphs of and .

(b) State, with reference to your graph, the number of real solutions of the
equation
(c) Find the points of intersection of the curve with the line .
(d) Solve the equation
Exam Question Time 2

Sketch the graphs of

Showing clearly the coordinates of all the points where the curves cross the
coordinate axes.
(6)

Using your sketch state, giving a reason, the number of real solutions of
the equation

(2)
Exam Question Time 3

(a) Sketch the graphs of

i)
ii)
showing clearly the coordinates of the points where the curves cross
the coordinate axes.
(5)

(b) Show that the x-coordinates of the points of intersection of

and
are given by the solutions to the equation
(3)

The point A lies on both curves and the x and y coordinates are both
positive.

(c) Find the exact coordinates of A, leaving your answer in the form
, where p, q, r and s are integers.
(7)
(Total 15 marks)
Translating Graphs
 is a horizontal translation of by the vector

For example, moves the graph of 2 to the left, but moves it 4 to the right.

is a vertical translation of by the vector

For example, moves the graph of 2 up, but moves it 4 down.

Example 10

(a) Sketch the curve where .

(b) On separate diagrams sketch the graphs of
(i) (ii)
When a function is translated any asymptotes are also translated. Pg 74 Ex 4E

Example 11

Given that ; sketch the curve with equation and state the equations of any
asymptotes and intersections with the axes.
Stretching Graphs
 is a horizontal stretch of scale factor , so you multiply the x-
coordinate by and leave the y-coordinate alone.

is a vertical stretch of scale factor a, so you multiply the

-coordinate by a and leave the -coordinate alone.

is a reflection in the x-axis.

is a reflection in the y-axis.

Example 12

Given that , sketch the curves with equations:

(a) (b)
Example 13 Pg 78 Ex 4F

On the same set of axes sketch the graphs of and where

Transforming f(x)
 Pg 80 Ex 4G
Example 14
The diagram shows a sketch of the curve

y=f(x)
Sketch the following
(a) B (2,5)
(b)
(c)
C (4,1)
0 A
Exam Question Time 4

Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve C with

equation
The curve C passes through the origin and
through (6, 0).
The curve C has a minimum at the point
(3, -1).
On separate diagrams sketch the curve with
equation
(a)
(3)
(b)
(3)
(c) where p is a constant and 0<p<3.
(4)
(Total 10 marks)
Exam Question Time 5

Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation The curve has
minimum point A at (-2, 3) and a minimum point B at (3, -5).

On separate diagrams sketch the curve

with equation
(a)
(3)
(b)
(3)
On each diagram show clearly the
coordinates of the maximum and
minimum points.

The graph of has a minimum at (3, 0), where a is a constant.

(c) Write down the value of a.
(1)
(Total 7 marks)