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Elect Sect01 Span
Elect Sect01 Span
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Manufacturing Test
Conditions
Rated horsepower ± 3% occurs at SAE
J1995 conditions
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Manufacturing Test
Conditions
Used by all major engine OEM'S
Any deviation from standard
affects available horsepower
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Sample Problem
What horsepower should be
expected from a 3406C, rated 425
horsepower @ 2100 rpm, under the
following conditions?
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Sample Problem
Fuel density corrects to ??° API @ 60°F
Fuel density correction factor ????
Fuel temperature correction factor ????
Air temperature correction factor ????
Baro. pressure correction factor ????
Total correction factor ????
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Sample Problem
Fuel density corrects to 37.6° API @ 60°F
Fuel density correction factor ????
Fuel temperature correction factor ????
Air temperature correction factor ????
Baro. pressure correction factor ????
Total correction factor ????
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Sample Problem
Fuel density corrects to 37.6° API @ 60°F
Fuel density correction factor 1.011
Fuel temperature correction factor ????
Air temperature correction factor ????
Baro. pressure correction factor ????
Total correction factor ????
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Sample Problem
Fuel density corrects to 37.6° API @ 60°F
Fuel density correction factor 1.011
Fuel temperature correction factor 1.050
Air temperature correction factor ????
Baro. pressure correction factor ????
Total correction factor ????
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Sample Problem
Fuel density corrects to 37.6° API @ 60°F
Fuel density correction factor 1.011
Fuel temperature correction factor 1.050
Air temperature correction factor 0.997
Baro. pressure correction factor ????
Total correction factor ????
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Sample Problem
Fuel density corrects to 37.6° API @ 60°F
Fuel density correction factor 1.011
Fuel temperature correction factor 1.050
Air temperature correction factor 0.997
Baro. pressure correction factor 1.003
Total correction factor ????
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Sample Problem
Fuel density corrects to 37.6° API @ 60°F
Fuel density correction factor 1.011
Fuel temperature correction factor 1.050
Air temperature correction factor 0.997
Baro. pressure correction factor 1.003
Total correction factor 1.062
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Sample Problem
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Clase de Electrónica
Preguntas?
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Fuel Systems Overview -
Mechanical Governor
As engine speed
increases,
flyweights move
linkage and fuel
rack in fuel off
direction
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Fuel Systems Overview -
Mechanical Governor
As engine load
increases, rpm
decreases
Governor spring
force overcomes
flyweight force
Rack moves in
fuel on direction
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Fuel Systems Overview -
Mechanical Governor
As load decreases,
rpm increases
Fly weight force
overcomes spring
force
Moves rack in fuel off
direction
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Fuel Systems Overview -
Mechanical Governor
As the rack moves in
the fuel-on direction,
the scroll is rotated to
allow more fuel to be
injected
As the rack moves in
the fuel-off direction,
the scroll is rotated to
allow less fuel to be
injected
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Fuel Systems Overview
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Fuel Systems Overview
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Fuel Systems Overview
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Fuel Systems Overview
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Fuel Systems Overview -
Pump & Lines System
Multi-plunger, high
pressure pump, fuel
lines & fuel nozzles
Flyweights and
springs control fuel
rate and timing
Can inject fuel from
5,000 to 17,000 PSI
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Fuel Systems Overview -
Pump & Lines System
Limiting Factors:
– High pressure fuel
lines limit fuel
injection pressure
– Fuel rate & timing
control
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Fuel Systems Overview -
MUI System
A unit injector is
positioned above each
cylinder
A mechanically
actuated governor
controls fuel rate
(scroll metered) with
flyweights and springs
Timing is fixed
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Fuel Systems Overview -
MUI System
Advantages:
– High pressure fuel
lines are eliminated
– Injection pressure
up to 23,000 PSI
Limiting Factors:
– No timing advance
– Mechanical
actuation &
governor control
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Fuel Systems Overview -
EUI System
A unit injector is
positioned above each
cylinder
An Electronic Control
Module (ECM) controls
fuel rate and timing
Injectors are
mechanically actuated
by a camshaft
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Fuel Systems Overview -
EUI System
Can inject fuel at
up to 30,000 PSI
High pressure
fuel lines are
eliminated
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EUI - Injector Fill
Without pressure
from the rocker arm,
a spring keeps the
plunger retracted
Fuel flows into the
injector through the
fill / spill port, past
the poppet valve and
into the barrel
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EUI - Mechanical Stroke
As the cam
rotates, it drives
the plunger
downward
Until the ECM
signals the start
of injection, fuel
goes out the
fill / spill port
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EUI - Injection
On a signal from
the ECM, the
solenoid closes
the poppet valve
Pressure elevates
at the tip to the
5,500 psi needed
to unseat the
nozzle check / tip
Injection begins
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EUI - Injection
Fuel continues to
inject until the
ECM signals the
solenoid to open
the valve
Injection timing
and duration is
controlled by the
ECM
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EUI Limitation
Limiting Factor:
– Injection pressure
is dependent on
engine speed
(rpm)
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Fuel Systems Overview -
HEUI System
A unit injector is
positioned above
each cylinder
An Electronic
Control Module
(ECM) controls fuel
rate, timing, and
injection pressure
The injector is
hydraulically
actuated
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Fuel Systems Overview -
HEUI System
High pressure
fuel lines are
eliminated
Can inject at up to
23,500 PSI
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Fuel Systems Overview -
HEUI System
An advantage:
– Injection pressure is
infinitely controlled
between maximum
and minimum
pressure limits,
regardless of
engine speed
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HEUI Fuel System
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HEUI System - IAPCV
The IAPCV (Injection
Actuation Pressure
Control Valve:
– Controls the HEUI oil
pressure
– Is part of the HEUI
hydraulic pump,
externally mounted
for easy service
– Has a large, externally
mounted electrical
solenoid for efficiency
and serviceability
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HEUI System - IAPCV
The valve
receives current
from the ECM to
control the
hydraulic
pressure in the
HEUI system
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HEUI System - IAPCV
Regulates the
pump pressure by
venting excess oil
flow to engine oil
sump.
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In the HEUI Fuel System
High injection pressures give:
– lower particulate emissions
– improved fuel rate
– improved performance
Injection rate shaping gives:
– lower NOx emissions
– reduced combustion noise
Sharper end of injection gives:
– reduced particulate emissions
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Fuel Systems Overview
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Clase de Electrónica
Preguntas?
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Engine Model Numbers
3208 Engine:
– 3 = Engine Product
– 2 = Relative Engine Size
» (3000, 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 3600)
– 08 = number of Cylinders
» Depending on engine family, could
be 04, 06, 08, 12, 16, 18, or 24
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Engine Model Numbers
3116 Engine
– 3 = Engine Product
– 11 = 1.1 liters per cylinder, so:
» 3126 has 1.2 liters per cylinder
» 3176 has 1.7 liters per cylinder
» 3196 has 1.9 liters per cylinder
– 6 = number of cylinders (4 or 6)
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Engine Model Numbers
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Engine Model Numbers
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Engine Model Numbers
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Engine Serial Numbers
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Engine Serial Numbers
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Why Electronic Control?
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Why Electronic Control?
Emission laws affect three key elements:
– Particulates
– NOx
– Sound
CARB (California Air Resources Board)
limits sales of some engines.
There are the EC (European
Commission) in Europe and equivalents
in other countries.
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Why Electronic Control?
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Why Electronic Control?
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Why Electronic Control?
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Caterpillar Electronically
Controlled Diesel Engine
3176C
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Electronically Controlled
Engines can . . .
Indicate active faults, logged faults,
and logged events
Identify major component failure
Identify sensor and actuator short
or open circuits
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Electronically Controlled
Engines cannot . . .
Troubleshoot themselves
Identify marginal component
performance
Identify inaccurate sensor readings
Think for themselves
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Electronic Engine History
1987 88 1990 1993 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Electronic Engine History
1987 88 1990 1993 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
3406B PEEC
3176 2YG
Electronic Engine History
1987 88 1990 1993 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
3406B PEEC
3176 2YG
3406E Truck
3176 2YG 3176 7LG 3176B Truck
C-10
C-12
3508 EUI D11, 777
3512/16 EUI 3500B
3116 HEUI
3126 HEUI
3400 V HEUI
Electronic Engine History
1987 88 1990 1993 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
C-10 C-10/3176C
C-12 C-12/3196
3508 EUI D11, 777
3512/16 EUI 3500B
Preguntas?
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