Biodiesel

Production
Diana T. Taha
Topics
01 Production Description

02 Production Process Flow

03 Raw Materials

04 Production Waste Product and Disposal

05 Machineries and Equipment

Topics

Production Plants in the Philippines and Capacity

06
07 Environmental Issue
 01
Product
Description
 The process of creating biodiesel through the
transesterification and esterification of chemical reactions
is known as biodiesel production. Short-chain alcohols
are reacted with vegetable or animal fats and oils in this
process (typically methanol or ethanol). Use should be
made of low molecular weight alcohols. Due to its low
cost, ethanol is the most commonly utilized fuel, while
methanol can produce biodiesel at higher rates. Although
either bases or acids can catalyze the transesterification
reaction, bases are more frequently used in this process.
Compared to acid catalysis, this route has faster reactions
and less expensive catalysts. Alkaline catalysis's
drawback is that it is extremely sensitive to both water
and the free fatty acids found in the oils.
 02
Production
process
flow
Process Flow

The "virgin" vegetable oil, tallow, and yellow grease are typical feedstocks utilized in the
manufacturing of biodiesel. Recycled oil is processed to eliminate contaminants from
handling, cooking, and storage, including water, burned food, and soil. Virgin oils are
refined, but not enough to be used in food. Degumming is a popular refining method used
to remove phospholipids and other plant debris. Water is eliminated because its presence
during base-catalyzed transesterification causes the triglycerides to be saponified
(hydrolyzed), resulting in soap rather than biodiesel. The concentration of free fatty acids
present in the vegetable oil sample is then determined by titrating a sample of the cleaned
feedstock against a standardized base solution. After that, the acids are either eliminated
or esterified to create biodiesel (or glyceride).
 03
Raw
Materials
The raw materials for biodiesel production are vegetable oils, animal
fats and short chain alcohols.

Vegetable oils, animal fats, and short chain alcohols are the primary raw materials used in
the manufacturing of biodiesel. Rapeseed, soybean, palm, and sunflower oils are the most
often utilized oils for biodiesel production globally, while additional oils like peanut,
linseed, safflower, used vegetable oils, and animal fats are also used. The most widely used
alcohol is methanol even though ethanol is also an option.
04
Production Waste
Product and Disposal
 There is not much waste produced during the manufacture of biodiesel. However, it
can also result in the production of effluent, minerals, resins, solids strained from spent oil,
and glycerin, depending on the procedure and feedstocks employed. Because they can invest
in the machinery required to recycle and reuse some of these products, large businesses
frequently do not have a waste problem. Disposal of garbage is frequently a challenge for
small producers.
Biodiesel companies do, however, generate waste streams outside of the actual
biodiesel production process, much like any other industry. Garbage from restrooms, water
needed to clean floors and equipment, packaging waste, and regular office waste are some of
these extra waste streams. Although these waste sources are outside the scope of this essay,
biodiesel producers who are serious about producing zero waste might want to address them.
Examples of by products:
• Wastewater
• Ion exchange resins
• Magnesium silicate
• Used oil sediment
• Glycerin
05
Machineries and
Equipment
06 Production plants in the
Philippines and capacity
Environmental Issue 07
• Air pollution
Methanol, which is needed to make biodiesel, has environmental costs comparable to those of
producing petroleum. In addition, air, stream, and hexane—which is used to extract oil from plants and
seeds—can be released directly from biodiesel production facilities. Hexane is an air pollutant, and while
it is recovered and recycled to the greatest extent possible, it is still released into the atmosphere.
 References:
• https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/19108
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel_productio
n
• https://www.materialsperformance.com/articles/m
aterial-selection-design/2019/06/equipment-mater
ials-and-corrosion-in-the-biodiesel-industry
• https://farm-energy.extension.org/waste-managem
ent-in-biodiesel-production/
• https://www.doe.gov.ph/sites/default/files/pdf/
renewable_energy/list-of-accredited-biodisel-
producers-as-of-2020-09-30.pdf?withshield=1
 Thanks!
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