What’s the Report?

MANAGE TOPICS
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM (INVOLUNTARY)
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this session, the student would be able to:
• Contrast the structure of the autonomic nervous system and the somatic motor system
• Name the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and describe the anatomical and neurotransmitter
differences between them.
• Compare and contrast the general functions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system.

SUBTOPICS OF THE REPORT

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Autonomic Nervous System Somatic Nervous System
(Involuntary) (Voluntary)

Lightly Myelinated or Non- Heavily Myelinated

myelinated
Singular
Two-neuron chain
Acetylcholine
Preganglionic & Postganglionic
(Acetylcholine or Norepinephrine) Stimulatory
Stimulatory or inhibitory
• Cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are between
the first thoracic (T1) and the second lumbar (L2) segments.
• The axons of the preganglionic neurons exit through ventral
roots.
• The sympathetic chain ganglia are connected to one another.
• Preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic fibers in the
sympathetic chain ganglia.
• The sympathetic chain ganglia form splanchnic nerves.
• Collateral ganglia are located nearer target organs.
• Postganglionic neurons in the collateral ganglia project to
target tissues in the abdominal and pelvic regions.
• Preganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic division are
located either within brainstem nuclei.
• Axons of the preganglionic neurons extend through spinal
nerves or cranial nerves to terminal ganglia.
• The axons of the postganglionic neurons extend a relatively
short distance from the terminal ganglia to the target organ.
• the thoracic and abdominal organs are supplied by
preganglionic neurons of the vagus nerve.
• Vagus nerve (branches to heart, lungs, liver, stomach)
 AUTONOMIC
NEUROTRANSMITTE
R

Sympathetic
- secrete the
neurotransmitter
norepinephrine
Parasympathetic
- secrete the
neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
 FUNCTIONS OF
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS
SYTEM

Fight or Flight Rest and Digest

Dilates pupils Constricts pupils

Beats faster and stronger Beat more slowly

Relaxes airways, which lets you breathe more deeply Constricts airways

Inhibits digestion Stimulates digestion

Increases blood flow to skeletal muscles Reduces blood flow to skeletal muscles
What’s Reporting?

MANAGE TOPICS
REPRESENTATIVE DISEASES
AND DISORDER: NERVOUS
SYSTEM
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this session, the student would be able to:
• Identify the diseases associated with nervous system

SUBTOPICS OF THE REPORT

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• inflammation caused by a virus and less often by bacteria or other
agents.
• Symptoms include fever, coma, and convulsions
• Inflammation of meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection.
• Symptoms include headache and fever; severe cases can cause
paralysis, coma, or death
• Autoimmune condition; may be initiated by viral infection
inflammation in brain and spinal cord with demyelination and
sclerotic (hard) sheaths result in poor conduction of action
potentials.
• Symptoms include exaggerated reflexes, tremor, and speech defect.
• Caused by a lesion in basal nuclei; characterized by
muscular rigidity, resting tremor, general lack of movement,
and a slow shuffling gait.
• Mental deterioration or dementia; usually affects older
people; involved loss of neurons in the cerebral cortex.
• Symptoms include general intellectual deficiency, memory
loss, short attention span, moodiness, disorientation, and
irritability.
• Family of diseases characterized by skin lesions due to
herpes viruses in sensory ganglia; different viruses cause
oral lesions (cold sores), sexually transmitted diseases with
lesions on genitalia, or chickenpox in children (shingles in
adults).
• Viral infection of CNS; damage somatic motor neurons,
leaving muscles with innovation, and leads to paralysis and
atrophy.
• Autoimmune disorder affecting acetylcholine receptors;
makes the neuromuscular junction less functional; muscle
weakness and increased fatigue lead to paralysis.