Metro

By
Mikos Patrick
Halmosi Henrik
 Definition of metro

•Railway system occupies significant place in the realm

of transportation. Comparing with other means of
transportation system, this particular mode has grater
advantages as it can carry a large number of passenger
and large & heavy loads to long distances. Since its
launch in the field in transportation, railway underwent
huge changes in term of shape, speed, mode of running,
distance of what ever field human mind can imagine.
Among those changes, the most important one is
considered to be the emergence and spread of metro rail
system.
Why is it called metro?Why is it called subway?

The word metro actually comes from an abbreviation from of 'Paris Metropolitan'. That was quickly
abbreviated into metro, which become common word used to designate all subway network. In some
cases metro is regarded as rapid transits train system.
In America the first metro was built in New York, and it was called SUBWAY because it was built mostly
under the streets (sub= under / way= road), since Manhattan street plan is quite a regular grill and it was
easy to do so.
As of April 2014, 168 metro system in 55 countries are listed. Let us have a peep into origin and history of
metro system in world.
 History

Metro systems across the world have been in operation since the late 1800s and
transport millions of commuters across cities every day.
London Underground
The UK’s London Underground was originally opened in 1863 for locomotive trains.
In 1890, it became the world’s first metro system when electric trains began
operating on one of its deep-level tube lines.
It is the world’s third longest metro system, spanning 402km with 270 stations across
its 11 lines. Only 45% of the network actually runs underground, mainly in the city
centre, with lines in the suburbs mostly running overground.
 The world’s
oldest metro
systems.
Chicago-1897
With 230.2 million passengers in 2017,
it is the second busiest metro in the
US.

Glasgow-1896
The system runs along an
Budapest-1896 underground 10.5km loop in the
Their current city and is one of the only
respective metros in the world not to have
lengths of 4.4km been expanded beyond its
and 10.3km. original route.
 •The construction of a metro station is a combination of structural
work, HVAC and electricity and several demanding technical
systems. In the final stage, the station’s surfaces are finished and
every West Metro station is given a distinct visual identity.
•1. Structural work
How is a metro •Construction of the station begins with the structural work at the
platform level. This includes the construction of concrete walls,
station built? columns and decks, i.e. ceilings. The structural work always starts
from the bottom up and proceeds layer by layer towards ground
level.
 How is a metro station built?

2. Intermediate walls and ancillary structures

Once the major structural work is completed, lighter intermediate walls and other ancillary
structures are built and serve to separate the various spaces of the metro station, such as
technical spaces. Construction of the intermediate walls and the structural work overlaps.
3. Construction of the upper part of the platform wall and the ceiling
Once the automated metro is realised, the platform walls are easy to install at the stations later.
Info boards are affixed to the upper part of the platform wall. Art or other solutions designed by
the architect can be installed on the upper portion of the metro station platform’s wall.
•4. HVAC and electricity
•HVAC and electricity work is started
in stages as the decoration work in
the spaces becomes ready. The metro
will have a range of technical and
automation systems: HVAC and
electricity, personal safety
technology required by the rescue
department and tunnel rail
technology.
5. Escalators and technical systems
Escalators are installed at the same time as ancillary structures are built. They are
brought into the station either from below, through a tunnel, or from above, via the
shafts. One escalator section weighs four tonnes and is four metres long. A total of 52
different systems can be found in the metro. The automation systems include, among
other things, HVAC automation, building supervision, power supply monitoring, camera
and PA systems and access control. HVAC systems include pumping stations, smoke
extraction fans, station-specific ventilation and overpressure fans and a fire water
protection system.
6. Finishing of the surfaces
After the station is equipped with technology, the finishing touches are added – each station is given a
distinct visual identity through the surface materials planned by the architect.
The tunnel and station meet
While the metro station work is carried out, the rail is being built at the same time. The construction of
the rail and the station meet when construction of the rails on the track begins. The track is fitted with
blocks, a rail and conductor rails; with steering, safety and surveillance systems; and with fire doors in
the connection tunnels that connect the rail tunnels.
 Advantages of metro rail

• High-capacity carriers – very high volumes of peak hour peak direction trips.
• Eco-friendly – causes no air pollution, much less sound pollution.
• Low energy consumption – 20% per passenger km in comparison to road-based systems.
• Greater traffic capacity – carries as much traffic as 7 lanes of bus traffic or 24 lanes of car
traffic (either way).
• Very low ground space occupation – 2 meter width only for elevated rail.
• Faster – reduces journey time by 50% to 75%.
 Disadvantages

• High initial cost: structures like these cost a lot more

• Blockage to the skyline.
• Road blockages during construction period.
• Environmental Impact.
• Electricity consumption.
• High fares.
The Shanghai Metro is the world's longest metro network at 803 km (499 mi)
and also has the highest annual ridership at 2.83 billion trips.
The world's smallest metro system is the 3.8 km long Metropolitana di Catania
situated on the Italian island of Sicily which consists of just one line and six
stations.
The deepest metro station in the world is Arsenalna station (105.5 metres / 346
feet deep). This subway station was part of the first stage of the Kyiv Metro
built and designed by the Soviet Union.
The New York City subway is the world’s largest, based on number of stations –
there are 472, of which 470 operate 24 hours a day
 Bibliography

• https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/3119562/go
ing-underground-cheapest-deepest-oldest-subway
• https://hmrl.co.in/metro-advantages.html
• https://www.indiatimes.com/culture/travel/metro-rail-facts-history-313969.
html#:~:text=Metros%20were%20built%20in%20Taiwan,2011%20and%20t
he%20list%20continues.&text=Rapid%20transits%20in%20India%20consis
t,which%20started%20operations%20i%201984
.
• https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-of-the-metro-train-disadvantages
• https://www.lansimetro.fi/en/construction/construction-phases/how-is-a-m