Present perfect

Formation, usage, examples

formation
Affirmative sentences in the present perfect is formed with the present tense of auxiliary
verb ‘to have’—(have, has in the third person singular) and the past participle of the
notional verb.
• He has sold his house
• I have told him my secret.

 in the interrogative sentences auxiliary verbs have\has stand before the subject and the
main verb is in past participle form
• Have you gathered all the necessary information?
• Has mother made the beds already?

In the negative sentences the particle ‘’not’’ is inverted between the auxiliary and the
notional verb
• They have not seen each other for 2 years.
• He has not spoken to her since the divorce.
usage
we use the present perfect tense for an ongoing actions that started in the past, but have not yet
been completed and continues in the present. 
• My parents have been married for 25 years.
Also , for A series of the same action completed multiple times in the past, likely to happen again in
the future
• i have seen this film six times.

An action that was completed very recently

(often used with just\yet\already\recently)
• He has just left the house.

With an unfinished time word (this month, this week, today). The period of time is still continuing.
• I have already cleaned the house this week.

We CAN'T use the present perfect with a finished time word
Used with phrases that begin with “This is the first” or “second time” and so
on.
• This is the firs time I have ever visited Italy.

A finished action with a result in the present.

• It has rained a lot, the streets are all wet.

• Adverb of time and frequency

• Just, ever, never, already, yet, for, since, so far lately, and so on