House Building Materials

TREE

Hard Timbered Soft Timbered

Deciduous Conifers

Sal, Gazari, Karai Mango, Blackberry,

etc Rain Trees etc

Seasoning of wood:
• Wood contains 19% moisture.
• Sawn planks or any wood products change their shape and size at the time of use.
For this, wood is to be seasoned.
The traditional method of seasoning wood:
• Immerse in water for long time.
• In this method moisture in wood is reduced from 15 to 5% by pushing air through
wood adopting a special technique.
Ply-wood:
• Mainly ply-wood is produced by joining odd number of wooden layers.
• The outer side of ply-wood is called the back, central portion is called the core
and others are called cross-wise layers.

Merits and demerits of ply-wood:

• If excessive weight are exerted than the normal, it bends and become useless.
• Ply-wood manufactured with water proof materials is not damaged easily in
water.
• Ply-wood is long lasting than normal wooden planks.

Uses and maintenance:

Ply-wood is used in construction work in the foundation .
For making furniture, cabinet, partition, construction aid materials, roof, wall, floor,
tank,
boat, sign board etc, ply-wood is used.
Cement is used as an adhesive to the concrete materials
made for construction:

• In contact with water it becomes very hard mass.

• Cement is an essential constituent in construction of roads,
bridges and buildings.
• Different chemical constituents of cement are: lime, silica,
alumina and iron along with small quantities of magnesium
oxide and sulphur trioxide.
Block:
Block is used in all construction work. Block may be
hollow or solid. A wooden dice is made as per the size of
the required and then the mixture of concrete is solidified
n the dice to make concrete. Different rectangular solid
block are made in this way.
Brick:
Bricks are familiar as a construction material.
Manufacturing process of brick remains more or less
the same. By using modern technology large bricks can
be made in a short time.
 Concrete:
Concrete is a hard stone made artificially by blending of
some inert particles by mixing of cement with water.

Constituents:
• Cement, sands, gravels, crushed stones, cold gangue,
clay, slate etc. are used to make concrete

• Pumice stone, gangue, hematite, pearlite, barite,

limonite, magnetite, iron and steel fillings etc. are also
used to make concrete.
 Tile:

The process of tiles and bricks are the same. Some materials are taken out from the hard
clay accordingly to the design and it sis made hollow.
Particular tiles are made for particular works. These are bad bearing wall tiles, partition tiles,
back up tiles, furring tiles, fire proof tiles, floor tiles, structural clay facing tiles and structural
glazing
Energy is defined as the capacity of a
physical system to perform work. In
addition, it is the quantitative property
that must be transferred to an object in
order to perform work on, or to heat the
object.
Kinds of energy:
We see energy in various forms such as, heat,
light, sound, electricity, magnetism, chemical and
mechanical energy. Again mechanical energy is of
two kinds-

Potential Energy Kinetic Energy

Transformation of energy: We mentioned above various forms of energy. These
forms are interrelated. Any form of energy can be transformed into other forms. This is
known as transformation of energy. We mention below some examples of energy
transformation.

i. From heat to mechanical energy : Heat produces 'water vapour to run steam
engine. Here heat is transformed into mechanical energy.
ii. From electricity to heat and light : As electric current passes through an electric
bulb, it heats the filament of the bulb and produces light. In the process electrical
energy is transformed first to heat, then to light.
iii. From light to electric energy: When light falls on a photo-electric cell, it produces
electricity. Here light energy is transformed into electrical energy.
4. From sound to mechanical energy: Using ultrasonic sound wave (sound of very high
frequency) high precession machinery is cleaned. This is an example of sound energy
converting into mechanical energy.
5. From electricity to heat and chemical energy: In electric heater and iron, heat is
produced from electrical energy. In electric cell electricity is stored here as chemical
energy.
6. From atomic energy to mechanical energy: Atomic power driven submarine is used
in war. This is an example of transformation of atomic energy into mechanical
energy.
7. From magnetic energy to mechanical energy: Huge electromagnet is used as a crane
to lift heavy loads. Here magnetic energy is transformed into mechanical energy.
Conservation of energy : Energy can not be created or destroyed, only it can be transformed
from one form to another and sum total of energy in this universe is constant. This is called law of
conservation of energy.
Energy 67.

Solar energy: Energy from the sun is considered now-a-days a store house of renewable energy.
The radiant sun rays carry to earth huge energy. The mechanism of storing this energy has been
found. Solar cell is such a device. During day a place where sun rays fall for a long time,
parabolical mirror collects and concentrates rays to heat a specially made boiler. Thus water is
converted into steam to drive turbine to produce electricity. In solar furnace placed at the base of
Pyrenees mountain a range temperature of 3800 Celsius has been achieved. Now-a-days, for
cooking solar cooker is used. Atomic energy : Billions of years ago, at the start of the universe
heavy elements were created. In the formation of their atom huge amount of energy was stored in
and is still there. If they are broken into fundamental particles the stored energy will be released.
This energy can be used if we control the process.
Demand of energy:
Whatever man does for living and for development of his fate, he needs energy. For agriculture, industry or for
any production system use of energy is indispensable. So demand for the use of energy is increasing. We state
below some reasons for this demand:

a) Increasing population demands increasing rate of expenditure of energy.

b) Developing countries build more buildings, roads and highways, more mills and
factories; more vehicles are being used. All these building works and care of
transports need more energy.
c) Men build big palatial buildings for living; they use radio, TV, computer, VCR etc. in
increasing number. So their energy consumption is increasing.
d) The business, works and communication are increasing day by day. So the use of
energy is increasing also.
Thank You