Chapter 9 Biodiversity and Healthy Society - Part 2 PDF

Chapter 9:
BIODIVERSIT
Y AND THE
HEALTHY
SOCIETY
Presented by:
Prof. Corazon S. Bumanglag
Image source: sitegoogle.com
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
1
IMPORTANCE
OF
BIODIVERSIT
Y
Image source: wecycle.mu

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
2
IMPORTANCE OF
BIODIVERSITY
 At the most fundamental level,
biodiversity is important to
human beings because it is the
source of our food, shelter,
medicine, and clothes.
 It is where we derive raw

materials for various activities
that sustain us , s uch as in Image source: sitegoogle.com
commercial and industrial

activities. COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
3
IMPORTANCE OF
BIODIVERSITY
 Biodiversity is of central importance to
and largely determines health, culture,
food security, and environmental
conditions.
 It is the life support system of all

living
beings. Image source: safeworldhse.com
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
4
9.3 IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY
B Supports food security, dietary health, and livelihood sustainability
I
Provides important resources for medical research (traditional and
O modern medicine)
D
Plays a role in the regulation and control of infectious disease
I
V Essential for climate change adaptation
E
R Has social, cultural, and spiritual importance with communities
S
I COHAB initiative, 2010
Source: COLLEGE OF SCIENCE 5
Biodiversity supports food
security, dietary health,
and livelihood
sustainability
 Biodiversity is the source of our food.
 The food that human beings and wildlife

consume originate from natural
ecosystems.
Image source: aven.amritalearning.com
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
6
Biodiversity supports food security,
dietary health, and livelihood
sustainability
 Wide range of animals and plants species
form a basis of our nutrition, which in turn
can promote our health, protect us against
diseases due to lack of vitamin deficiencies.
 Loss of biodiversity can

agricultural health, livelihood Image source: biodiversityinternational.org
stherefore
us tainability threaten
and s ecurity of food and
nutrition. COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
7
Biodiversity provides important resources
for medical research (traditional and
modern medicine)
 Medicines are largely sourced
ecosystem, herbs, plants, and
from
minerals are the product
ecosystems and are usedof by humans
to produce medicines.
Traditional medicine Modern medicine
Image source:
times ofindia.indiatimes .com
Image source: vitalmamas.com
 People around the world had
been acknowledged by modern
researches.
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
Modern research Image source: urmc.Rochester.edu
8
Biodiversity provides important resources
for medical research (traditional and
modern medicine)
 The Departm ent of Health of

Philippines
the has endorsed 10
medicinal plants to be used as
herbal medicines.
Image source: facebook.com

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
9
The ten medicinal plants COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
in the Philippines
LAGUNDI
(Vitex negundo)
 For the relief

of cough and
asthma
10
in the Philippines
SAMBONG
(Blumea balsamifera)
 A diuretic that helps

in the excretion of
urine stones.
 Can be used as an
edema.
11
in the Philippines
ACAPULCO
(Cassia alata)
 Used to treat
ringworms and
fungal infections
12
in the Philippines
NIYUG-NIYOGAN
(Quisqualis indica L.)
 For effective
elimination of
intestinal worm,
particularly the
Ascaris and Trichina
13
in the Philippines
TSAANG GUBAT
(Ehretia microphylla
Lam.)
 For treating intestinal
motility
 Can u sed as
be
mouthwash since
contains fluoride
it
14
in the Philippines
AMPALAYA
(Momordica charantia)
 For treatment
diabetes
of mellitus
for non
dependent patient
insulin
15
in the Philippines
YERBA BUENA
(Clinopodium
douglasii)
 Used as
analgesic
 For relieving
body aches and
pain 16
in the Philippines
BAWANG
(Allium sativum)
 Reduces
cholesterol in
blood, hence
controls blood
pressure
17
in the Philippines
ULISIMANG BATO
(Peperomia pellucida)
 Effective in fighting
arthritis and gout
18
in the Philippines
BAYABAS
(Psidium guajava)
 Used as an
antiseptic to disinfect
wounds
 Can used as
be to treat
mouthwash
tooth decay and gu m
infection
19
Biodiversity
plays a role in
the
regulation
and control of
infectious
diseases
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
20
Biodiversity plays a role in the regulation and
control of infectious diseases
 Biodiversity loss and
ecosystem change can increase
infectious
the spread ofdiseases in plants,
animals, and the human being s
such as SARS, ebola, etc.
 Even with advances in synthetic

chemistry, which provides many
biologically active Image source:
respiratoryresearch.biomedcentral.com
pharmaceuticals derived from

molecules,
nature remain an important part
of pharmaceutical practice today. Image source: genengnews.com Image source: britannica.com
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
21
 All have developed
organism s
compounds
against infectious
protect
diseases
themselves
and to
interact
to with individuals of their own
species or other species.
 Thes e molecules , coming from

all organisms (bacteria,
plants
fung us), terrestrial,
anim als, marine
in and ecos ys tems , repres ent
extreme diversity
amazing an that has been tested
in the field for millions of years by Image source: carmenvigilljola.blogspot.com
involving millions of individuals. COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
22
 However, only a very small subset of
plants and marine organism s
has been investigated
novel
forcompounds.
bioactive
 Furthermore, it is estimated that less

that 1% of bacterial species and only
5% of fungal species are known.
Thos e which have not been
yet
identified could be so urces of novel
molecules.
Image source: carmenvigilljola.blogspot.com
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
23
 Observations of natural medicine
practices used by indigenous people
have led to the discovery of many
drugs .
Imm
I aaggeessoouurrccee::bbooffinni aaccceessy
 The most well known and widely used

ynnoodd.c.coomm
pharmaceuticals are quinine, used as a

model to synthesize anti-malarial
drugs (chloroquine and mefloquine),
and artemisinin, identified as a
potent anti- malarial drug by Chinese
scientists.
IImmaaggeessoouurrccee::ggooo
oggllee..ccoomm
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
24
 Animals are also a source of
inspiration for drugs against
infectious diseases.
 For instance, compounds of the

sponge Cryptotethya crypta inspired Image source: bioweb.uwlax.edu
the elaboration of antiviral

medication such as AZT used in
treatment of HIV/AIDS. the Image source: cdc.gov
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
25
 Observing great apes medicate themselves throug h the
plants they eat also could help to reveal new active compounds.
Image source: livescience.com
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
Image source: wwf.panda.org
26
 To better illustrate the importance of biodiversity, I am

showing you this video on Covid-19 and Biodiversity.
(Source: Convention on Biological Diversity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrVu7VXVgU8)
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
27
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
28
Biodiversity is
essential for
climate change
adaptation
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
Image sources: google.com
29
Biodiversity is essential for
climate change adaptation
 Biodiversity plays an important role in

regulating the climate, thus making a
key contribution to climate change
mitigation and adaptation.
 At the same time, climate change

affects biodiversity in multiple ways
through complex interactions among
and between species and their habitats.
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
30
Biodiversity is essential for
climate change adaptation
 Therefore, it is impossible to
address biodiversity loss without
addressing climate change, but it is
equally impossible to tackle
climate change
addressing biodiversity loss.
without
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
31
Biodiversity has
social, cultural,
and spiritual
importance with
communities
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
32
Biodiversity has social, cultural, and
spiritual importance with communities
 Sustainable management
biodiversity of can help
provide essentialto resources for
promoting health and
rebuilding livelihoods in post-
crisis situation.
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
33
 The rural communities and the
poor are dependent upon
ecosystem for their livelihood
security.
 There must be healthy

ecosystems to provide material
buffers against natural disasters
such as flood drought, and
landslides.
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE

34
 People who have been

displaced by disasters are
more susceptible to illness
and dependent on ecosystem
services for food, shelter
and medicine.
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
35
Activity:
 Discuss three (3 ) tangible ways you can

do to protect or preserve biodiversity.
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
36
THREATS TO
BIODIVERSIT
Y
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
Image source: visualcapitalist.com
37
9.4 THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
 There are different

factors that negatively
affect biodiversity. The
effects vary, with some
affecting only up to
organismal level, while
some may affect a whole
ecosystem.
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
38
HABITAT DESTRUCTION
 Habitat destruction or habitat loss is one of the biggest
threats to biodiversity. In fact, it is the number one reason
species go extinct.
Image source: treehugger.com Image source: justoceans.org Image source: thepetitionsite.com
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
39
HABITAT DESTRUCTION
 Anthropogenic activities like urbanization, construction,
logging, reclamation, industrialization, and activities that result
to unnatural increase in the concentration of environmental
compounds destroy habitats – consequently causing the loss of
biodiversity.
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
Image source: huffpost.com Image source: helpsavenature.com

40
OVERPOPULATION
 It is estimated that
quarters of three- all
land
environments and two-thirds
of all marine environments
have been severely altered by
human activities over the past
five decades, leading to
unprecedented rates of change.
 A s a result, 1 million species

are now threatened with
extinction.
Image source: pinterest.com
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
41
OVERPOPULATION
 As human population increases, the

demand for human needs and wants also
increases.
 Human overpopulation poses a threat to

Image source: businessmirror.com.ph
biodiversity if it is coupled with
unsustainable pattern of consumption and
poor government policies as regard food
security and conservation.
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
Image source: gmanetwork.com
42
OVERPOPULATION
 However biodiversity loss cannot
, solely be individual
blamed
consumption on practices.
Industrialization, urbanization, and
unsustainable practices of big
corporations and Carbon Majors (100
companies responsible for the 71 % of
the world’s global emissions)
contributes to the decline
more of
biodiversity.
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
Image source: nationalgeographic.com
43
OVER-EXPLOITATION
 It means harvesting species from the wild at rates faster
than natural populations can recover.
Image source: guidefitter.com Image source: nationalgeographic.com Image source: newsmongabay.com
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
44
OVER-EXPLOITATION
 Overfishing and overhunting are both types of overexploitation.
 It is estimated that about a third of the world’s endangered

vertebrates are threatened by overexploitation.
 Gathering and exploitation of huge amounts of flora and fauna do

not only prevent their proliferation, but also threaten biological
diversity.
 The unsustainable exploitation of natural resources is

often
attributed to the changing patterns of human consumption.
45
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
OVER-EXPLOITATION
Two examples:
 Overhunting – defined as the
relentless chase of wild animals for
the purpose killing or
catching them for food or game.
 Overfishing – removal of species of

fish from a body of water, at a rate
that species cannot be replenished in
time, resulting either becoming
depleted or underpopulated in that
given area. COLLEGE OF SCIENCE

46
OVER-EXPLOITATION
 Gathering prohibited and
endangered
species is punishable by law.
 Overhunting, overfishing or over-

collecting of species can quickly lead to
its decline.
 Changing consumption patterns of

human is often cited the key reason for
this unsustainability of natural
resources.
47
OVER-EXPLOITATION
 Alterations and sudden changes in ecosystem contribute to

species and habitat loss.
 Introduction of invasive alien species accidentally or

deliberately, that is not endemic in that habitat or not in the
normal distributional range could threaten other organisms
especially if the species introduced have the same ecological
niche as those naturally existing in that ecosystem.
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
48
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
 Invasive alien species are the second
largest threat to biodiversity after
habitat loss.
 Alien or introduced species include any

species that are introduced into new
habitats by human intervention. These
are usually invasive or aggressive.
 As competitors, predators, pathogens,

and parasites, alien species have invaded
almost every type of native ecosystem.
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
Image source: Britannica.com
49
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
 It could result only in decline of

not
endemic but also in
species,
 extinction.
The invasive alien species could
also take over the habitat by rapid
proliferation if it does not have any
natural predator in the receiving area.
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
Image source: Britannica.com
50
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
 Climate change, specifically global
warming, is causing huge changes to
biodiversity.
 The increase in global

temperature
could be detrimental to some species.
Image source: climate.nasa.gov
 Animals and plants that live on

mountaintops and are adapted to cold
temperatures may soon find
themselves out of habitat.
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE 51
 As temperatures warm, species that

currently live in more extreme
climates will adapt or die out.
Image source: sciencing.com

 For the marine life, the
temperatures and lower pH due to
increased
carbon dioxide absorption in the
ocean could be disadvantageous.
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
Image source: time.com
52
 Climate change and variability cause
biodiversity loss and may even result
to the extinction of species
population if they and provided
with enough time are adaptnot to the
changing climactic conditions.
to
 Ecosystem have come and gone and

species routinely g o extinct. Rapid
man-made change speeds up the
process without
affording ecosystems and species
the time to adapt.
Image source: google.com COLLEGE OF SCIENCE

53
 Example: rising ocean
temperature and
Arctic sea ice affectsdiminishing
marine
biodiversity and can ship
vegetation zones, having global
implications.
 Both variability and

climate change cause
biodiversity loss.
 Species and population

may not exist
be permanently if
they are not provided with
Image source: google.com
enough time to adopt to

changing climactic conditions. COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
54
NEXT MEETING’S DISCUSSION:
 What is the interrelatedness of
society, environment and health?
 What is the condition of the Philippine
Biodiversity?
 What are the endangered species in
our country?
 How can we protect our own COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
biodiversity? 55
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING! 
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
56

Chapter 9 Biodiversity and Healthy Society - Part 2 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 9 Biodiversity and Healthy Society - Part 2 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 9:

Image source: wecycle.mu

 It is where we derive raw

commercial and industrial

 It is the life support system of all

V Essential for climate change adaptation

 The food that human beings and wildlife

Image source: aven.amritalearning.com

 Loss of biodiversity can

 The Departm ent of Health of

Image source: facebook.com

 For the relief

 A diuretic that helps

 Even with advances in synthetic

pharmaceuticals derived from

 Thes e molecules , coming from

involving millions of individuals. COLLEGE OF SCIENCE

 Furthermore, it is estimated that less

 The most well known and widely used

pharmaceuticals are quinine, used as a

 For instance, compounds of the

the elaboration of antiviral

Image source: livescience.com

 To better illustrate the importance of biodiversity, I am

(Source: Convention on Biological Diversity

 Biodiversity plays an important role in

 At the same time, climate change

 There must be healthy

Image sources: google.com

 People who have been

 Discuss three (3 ) tangible ways you can

 There are different

Image source: treehugger.com Image source: justoceans.org Image source: thepetitionsite.com

Image source: huffpost.com Image source: helpsavenature.com

 A s a result, 1 million species

 As human population increases, the

 Human overpopulation poses a threat to

Image source: guidefitter.com Image source: nationalgeographic.com Image source: newsmongabay.com

 It is estimated that about a third of the world’s endangered

 Gathering and exploitation of huge amounts of flora and fauna do

 The unsustainable exploitation of natural resources is

 Overfishing – removal of species of

given area. COLLEGE OF SCIENCE

 Overhunting, overfishing or over-

 Changing consumption patterns of

 Alterations and sudden changes in ecosystem contribute to

 Introduction of invasive alien species accidentally or

 Alien or introduced species include any

 As competitors, predators, pathogens,

 It could result only in decline of

 The increase in global

 Animals and plants that live on

 As temperatures warm, species that

Image source: sciencing.com

 Ecosystem have come and gone and

Image source: google.com COLLEGE OF SCIENCE

 Both variability and

 Species and population

enough time to adopt to

You might also like