Electrical Substation Interlock System-2

Electrical
Substation
Interlock
System
Done by:
Eng. Yasir Zyadah
01 – JAN – 2023
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME INDUSTRIES ---- © 2021
Agenda
01 Introduction
02 Standard and Principle
03 Interlocks Types
04 Protection and
Inter-tripping Philosophy
05 Current Situation
06 Mitigation
2 ---- Electrical Substation Interlock System ---- 01 JAN 2023 PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
Introduction
01
Electrical Substation Interlock System ---- 01 JAN 2023 PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
Introduction
 Definitions
• Interlock: is a condition or set of conditions that must hold true for a switch operation to take place. The
switch operation (Opening or Closing) takes place only when the complete set of conditions defined in its
interlock holds true at the same time. Even if one of the conditions of interlock stands false, the switch
operation cannot take place.
• Circuit Breaker (CB): is a high-speed switch used for on load switching in substations.
• Earthing Switch (ES): is an offload switch used to connect and offload equipment to earth.
Cable Feeder
Circuit
Breaker Load
Earth Switch
Figure 1. A simple illustration of a disconnector and earthing switch used in a power system.
Introduction
 Propose
Interlocking is installed to protect both the equipment and the operator from dangerous situations caused by
incorrect equipment operation. It can be categorized as operational interlocking and safety, or maintenance,
interlocking. However interlocking logic is not always easy to understand and sometimes hard to design.
Interlocking in switchgear provides safety for personnel and equipment during following procedures:
1. Switching of high, medium and low voltage
2. Switching incomers and feeders
3. Switching earthing systems
4. Maintaining substation equipment
Standard and
Principle 02
Standard and Principle

 The standards of interlock are:
• IEC-62271
Medium-voltage (MV) switchgear and control gear
• 32-SDMS-08
(SEC Distribution Material Specification)
Standard and Principle

 Principle of integral Interlocks: Arc Chamber
Low-voltage
Wire-way
Low-voltage
Compartment Busbar Compartment
Circuit Breaker
Compartment
Automatic Shutters
Earth Switch Current Transformers
Voltage Transformers Cable Terminations
Earth Bar
a) Isolated / test position b) Service position
Figure 2. Single line diagram of a typical circuit. Figure 3. IEC (MV) Switchgear design.
Interlocks Types
03
9 ---- Electrical
Electrical Substation
Substation
Interlock
Interlock
SystemSystem
---- 01
----
JAN012023
JAN 2023 PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
Interlocks Types
There are two types of interlock:
1- Electrical 2- Mechanical
Interlock Interlock
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME INDUSTRIES ---- © 2021 SEC 13.8 KV SWG
Interlocks Types CB
1- Electrical Interlocks (Operational Interlocking) ES
This is concerned with the operational sequencing of

disconnectors (both on and off load) when system Underground
connections are being reconfigured. This is usually IMI SWGR Interlock
through wire and SAS
Cable
achieved by ‘electrical-interlocking’ systems and

SEC SWGR Interlock
generally applies to open-terminal substations. through wire and SAS
IMI 13.8 KV SWG
ES
CB
Figure 4. Single line diagram of electrical interlock for

switchgear apparatus.
Interlocks Types
2- Mechanical Interlocks (Safety (maintenance) Interlocking)
This is concerned with the safe operation of switchgear, the Trfr Feeder Trfr Incomer
provision of safe access to plant for maintenance purposes CB Trapped Key lock
and the application of fixed earthing devices. It is usually Earth Switch
achieved by mechanical-interlocking systems utilizing keys Trapped Key Lock
or, for distribution-voltage metal-clad switchgear, latches and Key transported

between locks
bolts.
Figure 6. Single line diagram of the basic interlocking

system for switchgear.
Figure 5. Compartment door Interlocking.
Interlocks Types
2- Mechanical Interlocks (Safety (maintenance) Interlocking)
Figure 7. Padlock on Earth Figure 8. Control Plug in Figure 9. Circuit Breaker Figure 10. Padlock on the
Switch ON. Place. Compartment. Shutter.
Protection and
Inter-tripping
Philosophy 04
Protection and Inter-tripping Philosophy

In addition to interlocking systems, protection and inter-tripping devices may be employed to trip
circuit breakers or prevent closing of circuit breakers (locally or remotely). These systems are
generally used to prevent damage to equipment and not as safety devices, as the circuit breaker is
not considered a safe isolating mechanism.
 Typical interlocking mechanisms include:

1. Trip send
2. Trip receive
3. Master trip
4. Close inhibit protection functions
Current Situation
05
16 ---- Electrical
Substation
Interlock
Interlock
SystemSystem
---- 01----
JAN01
2023
Current Situation
SEC 115/13.8 KV
Primary Substation
27-Outgoing Feeders
F36A –Zone-FA F36B-Zone-FB MRS-Zone A MRS-Zone B

2-Incomers 2-Incomers 2-Incomes 3-Incomers
MRS-Zone C MRS-Zone D2 MRS-Zone T

9-Incomers 3-Incomers 6-Incomes
Modular Substation
All zones (178)
SEC 13.8 KV Substation
13.8 KV
Current Situation CB
ES
Underground
Cable
MRS 13.8 KV
ES
CB
13.8 KV
CB CB CB
ES ES ES
RMU Modular Substation

ES ES
DS DS
CB
Transformer
13.8/ 0.4 KV
CB
400 V
MCCB MCCB MCCB
Figure 11. Single line diagram of Modular Substation 13.8 KV.
Mitigation
06
19 ---- Electrical
Substation
Interlock
Interlock
SystemSystem
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JAN01
2023
Mitigation
Grounding switch of an incoming feeder shall also be interlocked with MV breaker (remote substation) such
that closing operation of grounding switch in low-voltage (LV) (IMI incomer) side shall not be possible
unless MV breaker is open. MV breaker closing operation shall not be possible unless grounding switch in
LV side is open. LV circuit breaker closing shall not be possible unless MV circuit breaker is closed.
In order to achieve this philosophy, two solutions are recommended.
Mitigation
A. In short term (Switching procedures)
1. All planned or unplanned switching schedules must be coordinating with the SEC dispatcher through
an agreed point of contact.
2. Authorized persons or seniors authorized person carrying out switching instructions shall have a copy
of switching procedures.
3. If any doubt could arrive, the operator shall compere understanding of the specific instruction with
the authorized person, senior authorized person prior to switching.
4. Switching procedures shall be record, including a number for the induvial operation, the
identification of the equipment involved, the effect of the operations, this shall be achieved by the
use of the switching schedules.
5. Partial interlocking of earthing switches at circuit-entries to the substation is acceptable where it is
not reasonably practicable to extend the interlocking to the remote end disconnectors. Any partially
interlocked earthing switch shall be provided with a warning label, to the approval of NGC, stating
‘WARNING, THIS EARTH SWITCH IS NOT FULLY INTERLOCKED’.
6. Where an interlocking scheme is being supplied for an extension to an existing substation at the same
operating voltage then, unless otherwise agreed by NGC, the interlocking type and philosophy shall
match that existing.
Mitigation
B. In long term (IEC 61850)
Into a substation SCADA system. IEC 61850
enables data from all IEDs to modify or added
functions. Figure 12 and 13 shows the architecture
connections inside the substations using IEC 61850
Figure 12. Status indication-base interlocking via the GOOSE
with the protection IEDs. GOOSE is a very flexible messaging.
high-priority reliable mechanism for fast
transmission of substation events such as trip
commands, interlocking and critical status
indications. GOOSE messages are used to replace
the hardwired control signal.
Figure 13. Schematic diagram of IEC 61850 designed in three

different layers.
We envisage that many plants cannot solely rely on the

installed interlocking to protect and guide operators for
safe operation of equipment. The reason is that interlocks
may not be consistently implemented across the whole
electrical system. In addition, the reliability of interlocking
systems may not be sufficient to consistently work without
Conclusion failure, and it may be possible to intentionally over-ride
interlocks with the use of tools. The end result is that the
operator can never be 100% sure of the current state of the
interlocking system. We therefore recommend that
Company review the operating and control philosophies
for safe operation of the electrical apparatus, irrespective
of interlocking systems.
Thank You!
IMI-KSA.COM

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Electrical

02 Standard and Principle

Standard and Principle

Standard and Principle

Voltage Transformers Cable Terminations

1- Electrical Interlocks (Operational Interlocking) ES

This is concerned with the operational sequencing of

achieved by ‘electrical-interlocking’ systems and

IMI 13.8 KV SWG

Figure 4. Single line diagram of electrical interlock for

or, for distribution-voltage metal-clad switchgear, latches and Key transported

Figure 6. Single line diagram of the basic interlocking

Figure 5. Compartment door Interlocking.

Protection and Inter-tripping Philosophy

 Typical interlocking mechanisms include:

F36A –Zone-FA F36B-Zone-FB MRS-Zone A MRS-Zone B

MRS-Zone C MRS-Zone D2 MRS-Zone T

RMU Modular Substation

Figure 13. Schematic diagram of IEC 61850 designed in three

We envisage that many plants cannot solely rely on the

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