L E C T U R E # 07

I N T R O D U C T I O N TO
2D A R R AY

Instructor:
Ms. Falak Saleem
ROAD M AP
 Introduction to 2D Array
 Size of 2D Array

 2D Array Memory Representation

 Row Major Order

 Column Major Order

2D A R R AY
 The two-dimensional array can be defined as an array
of arrays. The 2D array is organized as matrices
which can be represented as the collection of rows and
columns.
 There is a standard way of drawing a two-
dimensional m x n array X where, the elements of A
form a rectangular array with m rows and n columns
and where, the elements X[ J.K] appears in row J and
column K .
E X A M P L E O F 2D A RR AY
 Lab book of multiple readings over several days

 Periodic table

 Movie ratings by multiple reviewers.

• Each row is a different reviewer
• Each column is a different movie
2D A R R AY
 Suppose, A is a two-dimensional m x n array.

 The first dimension of A contains the index set 1,

... m with lower bound 1 and upper bound m, and
the second dimension of A contains the index set
1, 2, ... n with lower bound 1 and upper bound n.

 The length of a dimension is the number of

integers in its index set. The pair of lengths m x
n is called size of the array.
S I Z E O F A R R AY
 The index set for each dimension is still consists of
consecutive integers from the lower bound to the
upper bound of the dimension. The length of a given
dimension can be obtained from the formula,
 Length = U B - L B + 1
 For two-dimensional array we can find the length of
the array by the following procedure,

• First we will find the length

of one- dimensional row
L 1 =UBby1 -the
array LB formula,
1 + 1

• array, L 2 =UB
Do this again 2 - LB 2 + 1
one-dimensional column
• Length of array (number of
elements in two-dimensional array)
L = L1 x L2
EXAMPLE
Find total number of elements in N(2:5, 3:1)
Solution
M =5–2+1
M=4
N = 1 – ( -3 ) + 1
N =1+3+1
N=5
Length of total number of elements = M x N
Length of total number of elements = 4 x 5
Length of total number of elements = 20
EXAMPLE
Given array int A(2 : 5, - 3 : 1)

 The length of row one-dimensional array (5 - 2 +1

= 4)
 The length of column one-dimensional array (1 -
(-3) +1=5)
 Length of given array = 4 x 5 = 20

So, there are 20 elements on the given array.

2D A R R AY R E P R E S E N TAT I O N I N M E M O RY
 Let, A be a two-dimensional array m x n array.
 Although A is pictured as a rectangular array of
elements with m rows and n columns, the array
will be represented in memory by a block m.n
sequential memory location. Specifically, the
programming language will store the array A
either,
• Column by Column is called column major
order or
• Row by row, in row major order
C O L U M N M A J O R O R D E R (CMO)
C O L U M N M A J O R O R D E R (CMO)
 LOC(A[ J,K])=B(A)+w[M(K-L2)+( J-L1)]

Where,
 M = Number of rows
 B = Base address of array
 W = Size of element (in bytes)
 J = The desired row which I have to find
 K = The desired column which I have to
find
 L1 = Lower bound of row
 L2 = Lower Bound of column
C M O EXAMPLE
 Consider A [ -20 _ 20 , 10 – 35]
 One byte of storage element
 B=500
 Determine L O C (A[0][30] ?

Solution
M =UB – LB + 1
M = 20 – ( -20) + 1
M = 20 + 20 + 1
M = 41
L1 = -20
L2 = 10
C M O EXAMPLE
 L O C (A[J][K]) = B(A) + W[ M(K – L2) + ( J – L1)]
= 500 + 1[ 41( 30 – 10) + (0 + 20)]
= 500 + 1[ 41(20) + (20)]
= 500 + 1 [ 820 + 20]
= 500 + 840

LOC(A[0][30]) = 1340
R OW M A J O R O R D E R (RMO)
R OW M A J O R O R D E R (RMO)
 L O C ( A [ J , K]) = B(A) + w [ N ( J – L1) + (K – L2)]

Where,
 N = Number of columns
 B = Base address of array
 W = Size of element (in bytes)
 J = The desired row which I have to find
 K = The desired column which I have to find
 L1 = Lower bound of row
 L2 = Lower Bound of column
RMO EXAMPLE
 Consider Arr [ 4 – 7 , 1 – 3]
 2 bytes of storage for each element
 Base = 100
 Address of Arr [6][2] = ?

Solution
B=100
W=2
J=6
K=2
L1=5
L2= -1
RMO EXAMPLE
N= U B – L B + 1
N = 3 – (-1) + 1
N =3+1+1
N=5
LOC(Arr[6,2]) = 100 + 2 [ 5 (6 – 4) + ( 2 +
1)]
= 100 + 2 [ 5
(2) + 3 ]
= 100 + 2 [ 10
+ 3]
= 100 + 2 [13]
= 100 + 26
S U M M A RY
 Introduction to 2D array

 Size of 2D array

 Row Major Order

 Column Major Order