BASIC SIMPLE PATTERNS

NOVIANA SARI, M.A.

 1. BASIC SENTENCE

• A basic sentence, that is, simple, active and

positive has the following pattern:

subject + predicate
 2. SUBJECT
• A sentence must have a subject.

• The subject is a part of a sentence which refers to PERSON or

SOMETHING that is spoken

• A subject is a noun
– A person, place or thing
» Ms. Jones
» Los Angeles Mission College
» Hat
• Or a pronoun
– A word that takes the place of a noun
» She/he/they
» It
 3. PREDICATE
• The predicate is a part of a sentence which
tells the information about subject
• There are two kinds of predicate:
a. NOMINAL PREDICATE, composed by NON
ACTION ELEMENTS. They can be a name,
status, adjective, number and place.
b. VERBAL PREDICATE, composed by ACTION
of the subject
• Examples: to sing, to joke, to run, to walk
• A sentence must also have a verb.

• There are 3 types of verbs:

1. Linking Verbs
• Linking verbs needs no action, it needs only
status, characte, place, etc. This verb is used
in nominal predicate. The main element of
predicate is something that modifies
subject, it is called compliment
• Examples: to be (is, am, are, was, were), to
seem, to become, get, grow, keep, seem, etc.
 Example of three patterns of basic
sentences:

SUBJECT LINKING VERB COMPLEMENT ADJUNCT

I AM A STUDENT NOW

THEY GOT ANGRY THEN

THE DRESS LOOKS GOOD ON YOU

2. Intransitive Verbs
• The verbs that don’t need objects.
• Examples: arrive, come, go (pergi), sleep, sit,
stand, live, walk, run, fly, die, etc.
 Example of three patterns of basic sentences:

SUBJECT INTRANSITIVE ADJUNCT

VERB

I CAME LATE

THE HORSE RUNS QUICKLY

SHE STOOD QUIETLY

3. Transitive Verbs
• The verbs that need objects.
• Examples: buy, sell, red, write, drive, send,
give, kick, kill, bring, take, make, etc.
 Example of three patterns of basic sentences:

SUBJECT TRANSITIVE OBJECT ADJUNCT

VERB
I MEET THE BOYS HERE

THEY GOT ANGRY YESTERDAY

WE SAW TONY THERE

 Identifying Subjects and Verbs
• To identify the subject and verb in a sentence,
ask these questions:

– What is the action? What word links two

or more other words?
• the verb
– Who or what is performing the action?
• the subject
 Practice
1. Barbara sang.

What is the action?

Sang (verb – action)
Who sang?
Barbara (subject)

2. The children were happy.

What word joins the description

to the subject? Were (verb – linking)

Who were happy?

Children (subject)
 More Practice
• Identify the subjects and verbs in the following sentences:

1. Terry laughs.
Verb = laughs (action)
Subject = Terry
2. Lady Gaga is famous.
Verb = is (links description to subject)
Subject = Lady Gaga
3. The dog barked.
Verb = barked (action)
Subject = the dog
4. Maulana creates funny characters.
Verb = creates (action)
Subject = Maulana
 WRITING EXERCISE 1

{WRITE 5 (five) SENTENCES OF EACH PATTERN!}

tulis masing-masing:
5 kalimat dari linking verbs,
5 kalimat dari intransitive verbs, dan
5 kalimat dari transitive verbs