3rd Quarter

STATISTICS
& PROBABILITY
Kinds of Graph
A bar graph can be horizontal or
vertical.
Histogram is a bar graph in which the
score frequencies are represented by a
series of columns.
Line Graph
Pictograph is a graph in which pictures
or symbols are used.
Pie Chart/ Circle Graph used to
present graphically categorical
distributions.
 2 Types of DATA

1. Ungrouped data
2. Grouped data
Ungrouped Data Grouped Data
Mrs. Ventura 88 82 76 81 57 81 86 61 88 79
administered
an examination 73 93 49 79 73 80 85 51 74 62
in statistics
and the following
scores were 67 62 76 73 68 71 73 71 78 73
obtained.
54 78 69 54 71 76 81 67 84 65

84 68 57 68 70 62 70 90 71 80
Step 1:
Determine the Range.

Range = Highest score – Lowest score

R = HS - LS
88 82 76 81 57 81 86 61 88 79

73 93 49 79 73 80 85 51 74 62

67 62 76 73 68 71 73 71 78 73

54 78 69 54 71 76 81 67 84 65

84 68 57 68 70 62 70 90 71 80
Step 1:
Range = Highest score – Lowest score

R = 93 – 49

R = 44
 R = 44
Class interval
Note: between 5 – 20
- Class interval are chosen

Class interval:
c= 2.93 or 3
Step 2:

• Determine the limits of the bottom

class interval.

Note: Begin with the lowest score or

make it midpoint of the interval.
Class limits
48 – 50 or 49 – 51

Lower class limit is 48

Upper class limit is 50

Open class interval

- No upper & lower class limit
e.g. 65 years old , 15 items below
 Frequency Distribution of Test Scores in Statistics

*Class interval
5 – 20 / already chosen * Class Boundary
Add & subtract 0.5
*Tally
Count how many scores pop up

*Frequency ( f ) • Class Mark

Record the tally in number The middle of
Class interval
Σf ( summation of frequency)
 Cumulative/Relative of Test Scores in Statistics

*Cumulative Frequency ( cf )
- Count the frequency then add to continue

* Relative Frequency
- The total should be 1.00 or 100%
The graph of a cumulative frequency distribution is called an
OGIVE
Seatwork 1
Page 242
1 & 2 only
Homework
1
Page 245
 x f cf
Class Class Class Percentage
limits boundaries mark distribution

Class interval

Let 6 – 15
the 1st interval

6 - 15 3 3 6 , 15 5.5 – 15.5 10.5 8. 33

 Lesson 2.5
Measures of Central Tendency
3 Quantities

MEAN
MODE
MEDIAN
MEA Ungrouped data
N
Sum of all
items?scores

Mean Number of
items/scores
MOD Ungrouped data
E
The number/score that appears
most often in a set of data.
MOD The number/score that appears most often

E in a set of data.

Bimodal – 2 modes
Trimodal – 3 modes
Multimodal – more than 2
Note: some sets of data have multiple modes.
MEDIA Ungrouped data
N
The “middle value” in a group after
all observations are arranged in
ascending/descending order.
Example:
11 15 18 24 30

12 14 19 25 29

11 16 24 24 27
Example:
11 15 18 24 30

Mean ? 12 14 19 25 29

11 16 24 24 27

19.93
Example:
11 15 18 24 30

12 14 19 25 29

11 16 24 24 27

Mode? = 24
Example:
11 15 18 24 30

12 14 19 25 29

11 16 24 24 27

Median?
11, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 24, 24, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30

Md = 19
 Pointers to Review
3rd Quarter
Preliminary Examination

1. Ungrouped date
*MEAN
*MEDIAN
*MODE
2. Frequency distribution

3. Cumulative/Relative Frequency
 Frequency distribution and Cumulative/Relative frequency Table

Class Tally f Class Class cf rf

Interval Boundary mark

50

21 - 25 IIII 4 20.5 – 25.5 23 4 0.08

N=50 1.00
 SEATWORK 2

Page 262 #1 only

*Find the MEAN, MEDIAN & MODE

Page 243 #4 only

• Prepare a table of:
Frequency distribution and Cumulative/Relative
frequency Table
Note: Use 60 – 64 as bottom class interval
 3rd Quarter
Lessons for Final
Central Tendency
For
Grouped
Ungrouped Data Grouped Data
 Grouped data MEAN
Summation of
MEAN fx

Multiply the
f&x
Example 3:
Consider the given frequency distribution of test scores in Algebra below
find the mean.
Scores 10 - 14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49
Frequency 2 5 4 6 12 10 8 3

Scores: f ( frequency) fx
10 – 14 x ( Class Mark ) 2
15 – 19 5
20 – 24 Get the 4 Multiply the f
25 – 29 6 and x
30 – 34 middle score 12
35 – 39 10
(f)(x)
40 – 44 8
45 - 49 3
Solution: x
Scores: x ( Class Mark ) f ( frequency) fx
10 – 14 12 2 24
15 – 19 17 5 85
20 – 24 22 4 88
25 – 29 27 6 162
30 – 34 32 12 384
35 – 39 37 10 370
40 – 44 42 8 336
45 - 49 47 3 141
n = 50
= 31.8 1590
Grouped
data
MEDIAN
Preceeding median class
Lower limit

Md = interval

Frequency of median class

Scores: f x fx cf cb
10 – 14 2 12 24 2 9.5–14.5
15 – 19 5 17 85 7 14.5–19.5
20 – 24 4 22 88 11 19.5-24.5
25 – 29 6 27 162 17 24.5-29.5
30 – 34 12 32 384 29 29.5-34.5
35 – 39 10 37 370 39 34.5-39.5
40 – 44 8 42 336 47 39.5-44.5
45 - 49 3 47 141 50  44.5-49.5
n = 50 n = 50
cf = 17

i/c = 5
 Md = 29.5 + (
n = 50 = 29.5 + (
cf = 17 = 29.5 + (
= 29.5 + ( 0.28 ) 5
i/c = 5 Md = 32.83
Scores f x cb fx cf
(Class ( comulative
(Class mark)
70 – 74 3 boundary) frequency )

75 – 79 4
80 – 84 8
85 – 89 13
90 – 94 4
95 – 99 2
100–104 5
105 - 109 1
Grouped
data MODE

Mode =
Grouped
data MODE

Mode =

The difference of highest The difference of highest

frequency and the frequency and the
preceding (bottom) preceding (upper)
frequency frequency
Scores X f
45 – 49
40 – 44
47
42
3 12 - 6
8
35 – 39 37 10 Preceding upper frequency
30 – 34 32 12 Highest frequency
25 – 29 27 6 Preceding lower frequency
20 – 24 22 4
15 – 19 17 5
10 - 14 12 2
12 - 10
Scores X f
45 – 49 47 3 12 – 6 = 6
40 – 44 42 8
35 – 39 37 10 12 – 10 = 2
30 – 34 32 12
25 – 29 27 6
20 – 24 22 4
15 – 19 17 5 c/i=5
10 - 14 12 2
 Mode = 12 – 6 = 6

12 – 10 = 2
= 29.5 + (
= 29.5 + 3. 75
= 33.25 c/i=5
Md =

Mode =
Scores f x cb fx cf
(Class ( comulative
(Class mark)
70 – 74 3 boundary) frequency )

75 – 79 4
80 – 84 8
85 – 89 13
90 – 94 4
95 – 99 2
100–104 5
105 - 109 1
Quartiles

( ) ( )
𝟏𝒏 𝟑𝒏
−𝒄𝒇 −𝒄𝒇
𝟒 𝟒
𝑸 𝟏=𝒍𝒃+ 𝒊 𝑸 𝟑=𝒍𝒃+ 𝒊
𝒇 𝒇

( )
𝟐𝒏
−𝒄𝒇
𝟒 Md
𝑸 𝟐=𝒍𝒃+ 𝒊
𝒇
 ( )
Scores: f cf 𝟏𝒏
−𝒄𝒇
10 – 14 2 2 𝟒
𝑸 𝟏=𝒍𝒃+ 𝒊
𝒇
15 – 19 5 7
20 – 24 4 11 N = 50
25 – 29 6 17 = 12.5
30 – 34 12 29 cf = 11
35 – 39 10 39 f=6
lb = 24.5
40 – 44 8 47 i=5
45 - 49 3 50
 ( )
Scores: f cf 𝟏𝒏
−𝒄𝒇
10 – 14 2 2 𝟐
𝑸 𝟐=𝒍𝒃+ 𝒊
𝒇
15 – 19 5 7
20 – 24 4 11 N = 50
25 – 29 6 17 = 25
30 – 34 12 29 cf = 17
35 – 39 10 39 f = 12
lb = 30.5
40 – 44 8 47 i=5
45 - 49 3 50
 ( )
Scores: f cf 𝟑𝒏
−𝒄𝒇
10 – 14 2 2 𝟒
𝑸 𝟑=𝒍𝒃+ 𝒊
𝒇
15 – 19 5 7
20 – 24 4 11 N = 50
25 – 29 6 17 = 37.5
30 – 34 12 29 cf = 29
35 – 39 10 39 f = 10
lb = 35.5
40 – 44 8 47 i=5
45 - 49 3 50
Quartiles

( ) ( )
𝟏𝒏 𝟗𝒏
−𝒄𝒇 −𝒄𝒇
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝑫 𝟏=𝒍𝒃+ 𝒊 𝑫 𝟗=𝒍𝒃+ 𝒊
𝒇 𝒇
 ( )
Scores f cf 𝟏𝒏
−𝒄𝒇
𝟏𝟎
45 – 49 3 50 𝑫 𝟏=𝒍𝒃+ 𝒊
𝒇
40 – 44 8 47
35 – 39 10 39 N = 50
30 – 34 12 29 =5
25 – 29 6 17
cf = 2
20 – 24 4 11 f=5
15 – 19 5 7 lb = 15.5
i=5
10 - 14 2 2
 ( )
𝟗𝒏
Scores f −𝒄𝒇
cf 𝟏𝟎
𝑫 𝟗=𝒍𝒃+ 𝒊
35 – 39 9 100 𝒇
30 – 34 12 91
25 – 29 16 79 N = 50
= 90
20 – 24 25 63
15 – 19 19 38 cf = 79
f = 12
10 – 14 11 19 lb = 30.5
5-9 8 8 i=5
Percentiles

( ) ( )
𝟐𝟎 𝒏 𝟔𝟎 𝒏
− 𝒄𝒇 − 𝒄𝒇
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑷 𝟐𝟎 =𝒍𝒃+ 𝒊 𝑷 𝟔𝟎 =𝒍𝒃+ 𝒊
𝒇 𝒇
 ( )
𝟐𝟎 𝒏
Scores f − 𝒄𝒇
cf 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑷 𝟐𝟎 =𝒍𝒃+ 𝒊
35 – 39 9 100 𝒇
30 – 34 12 91
25 – 29 16 79 N = 50
= 20
20 – 24 25 63
15 – 19 19 38 <cf = 19
f = 19
10 – 14 11 19 lb = 15.5
5-9 8 8 i=5
Homework Seatwork 3
Page 265 Page 263
#18 - #7
#19 - Mean, Median
#20 - & Mode
 QUIZ
Jan 23, 2023
Monday
 QUIZ

Page 277
#12
COMPUTE THE…
a, b, c, d , e & f