DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN

SOCIAL SCIENCES
PREPARED BY; GROUP C 11 ARISTOPHANES
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
JOHN LOCKE [1632-1704]
JOHN LOCKE WAS AMONG THE
MOST FAMOUS PHILOSOPHERS AND
POLITICAL THEORISTS OF THE 17TH
CENTURY. HE IS OFTEN REGARDED
AS THE FOUNDER OF A SCHOOL OF
THOUGHT KNOWN AS BRITISH
EMPIRICISM, AND HE MADE
FOUNDATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO
MODERN THEORIES OF LIMITED,
LIBERAL GOVERNMENT
 JOHN LOCKE’S EARLY LIFE AND
EDUCATION
JOHN LOCKE WAS BORN IN 1632 IN WRIGHTON, SOMERSET. HIS FATHER
WAS A LAWYER AND SMALL LANDOWNER WHO HAD FOUGHT ON THE
PARLIAMENTARIAN SIDE DURING THE ENGLISH CIVIL WARS OF THE
1640S. USING HIS WARTIME CONNECTIONS, HE PLACED HIS SON IN THE
ELITE WESTMINSTER SCHOOL. BETWEEN 1652 AND 1667, JOHN LOCKE
WAS A STUDENT AND THEN LECTURER AT CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD,
WHERE HE FOCUSED ON THE STANDARD CURRICULUM OF LOGIC,
METAPHYSICS AND CLASSICS. HE ALSO STUDIED MEDICINE
EXTENSIVELY AND WAS AN ASSOCIATE OF ROBERT HOOKE, ROBERT
BOYLE AND OTHER LEADING OXFORD SCIENTISTS.
MAJOR WORKS OF JOHN LOCKE
TWO TREATIES OF
GOVERNMENT
LOCKE BELIEVED THAT A
GOVERNMENT SHOULD BE
BEHOLDEN TO THE PEOPLE
RATHER THAN VICE-VESA.
A LETTER CONCERNING
TOLERATION

JOHN LOCKE ARGUED THAT

TOLERANCE IS INDEED A
CHRISTIAN VIRTUE AND THAT
THE STATE AS A CIVIC
ASSOCIATION SHOULD BE
CONCERNED ONLY WITH
CIVIC INTERESTS, NOT
SPIRITUAL ONES.
 AN ESSAY CONCERNING
HUMAN UNDERSTANDNG

AN ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN

UNDERSTANDING IS A 1689
PHILOSOPHICAL WORK BY THE ENGLISH
THINKER, JOHN LOCKE. IT IS A
“PERCEPTION THAT IS IN OUR MIND
WHEN HE THINKS” WHILE THE
QUALITY OF THE OBJECT IS “ THE
POWER OR FACULTY THAT HAS TO
PRODUCE A CERTAIN IDEA IN MIND”.
WHAT WERE JOHN LOCKE'S TWO MAIN IDEAS?

NATURAL LAW AND NATURAL RIGHTS. PERHAPS THE

MOST CENTRAL CONCEPT IN LOCKE'S POLITICAL
PHILOSOPHY IS HIS THEORY OF NATURAL LAW AND
NATURAL RIGHTS.
JOHN LOCKE'S THEORY OF NATURAL RIGHTS

LOCKE WROTE THAT ALL INDIVIDUALS ARE

EQUAL IN THE SENSE THAT THEY ARE BORN
WITH CERTAIN "INALIENABLE" NATURAL
RIGHTS. THAT IS, RIGHTS THAT ARE GOD-GIVEN
AND CAN NEVER BE TAKEN OR EVEN GIVEN
AWAY. AMONG THESE FUNDAMENTAL NATURAL
RIGHTS, LOCKE SAID, ARE "LIFE, LIBERTY, AND
PROPERTY.“
WHAT WAS LOCKE'S NATURAL LAW?

THEORISTS SUCH AS THE ENGLISH

PHILOSOPHER JOHN LOCKE BELIEVED THAT IF A
RULER GOES AGAINST NATURAL LAW AND
FAILS TO PROTECT “LIFE, LIBERTY, AND
PROPERTY,” THEN THE PEOPLE ARE JUSTIFIED IN
OVERTHROWING THE EXISTING STATE
 JOHN LOCKE
JOHN LOCKE WAS AN ENGLISH
PHILOSOPHER AND
PHYSICIAN, WIDELY
REGARDED AS ONE OF THE
MOST INFLUENTIAL OF
ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS
AND COMMONLY KNOWN AS
THE FATHER OF "
LIBERALISM". JOHN LOCKE
WAS BORN ON AUGUST 29,1643
IN WRINGTON UNITED
KINGDOM AND HE DIED ON
OCTOBER 28, 1704 IN HIGH
LAVER UNITED KINGDOM.