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4.2.3 - 4.2.6 Electrical Quantities
4.2.3 - 4.2.6 Electrical Quantities
6 : Electrical quantities
Recap
Current is the rate of flow of
electrons around a circuit.
In a parallel
circuit all
components get
In a series circuit the total the full source
voltage (PD) of the supply is voltage, so the
shared between the various voltage is the
components, so the voltages same across all
around a series circuit always components
add up to equal the source
voltage.
Whenever a current flows
around an electrical circuit
there is resistance to the
electrons.
V = I x R
V I = V / R
I R R = V / I
Lengt
h of
Factors wire
affecting
resistance.
Factors
affecting Cross
Temperatur
sectiona
e
resistanc l area
e
Materia
l
Lengt
h of
wire
Factors
Factors Temperature
affecting Cross
sectional
affecting resistanc area
e
resistance.
Materia
l
Factors
Factors Temperature
affecting Cross
sectional
affecting resistanc area
e
resistance.
Materia
l
semi-conductors, it decreases
with temperature.
Lengt Factors
Factors h of affecting Cross
sectional
resistanc
affecting wire
e
area
resistance.
Materia
l
Lengt Factors
Factors h of affecting Cross
sectional
resistanc
affecting wire
e
area
resistance.
Materia
l
Resistance length
Resistance is directly proportional to length
Temperature
Factors
Factors Cross
sectional affecting Lengt
h of
area resistanc
affecting e
wire
resistance.
Materia
l
Factors
Factors Cross
sectional affecting Lengt
h of
area resistanc
affecting e
wire
resistance.
Materia
l
Factors
Factors Materia affecting Lengt
h of
l resistanc
affecting e
wire
resistance.
Cross
sectional
area
Factors
Factors Materia affecting Lengt
h of
l resistanc
affecting e
wire
resistance.
Cross
sectional
area
Factors
Factors Temperature
affecting Cross
sectional
affecting resistanc area
e
resistance.
Materia
l
Factors
Factors Temperature
affecting Cross
sectional
affecting resistanc area
e
resistance.
Materia
l
Resistance length
area
Lengt
h of
wire
Factors
Factors Temperature
affecting Cross
sectional
affecting resistanc area
e
resistance.
Materia
l
Resistance length
area
Lengt
h of
wire
Factors
Factors Temperature
affecting Cross
sectional
affecting resistanc area
e
resistance.
Materia
l
Resistance length ρ = R x A
area l
Lengt
h of
wire
Factors
Factors Temperature
affecting Cross
sectional
affecting resistanc area
e
resistance.
Materia
l
ρ = R x A
l
Lengt
h of
wire
Factors
Factors Temperature
affecting Cross
sectional
affecting resistanc area
e
resistance.
Materia
l
ρ = R x A
ResistanceA x AreaA = ResistanceB x AreaB
l
LengthA LengthB
More about resistors
1 kilohm (kΩ) = 1000 Ω
Resistor 1 megohm (MΩ) = 1 000 000 Ω
More about resistors
1 kilohm (kΩ) = 1000 Ω
Resistor 1 megohm (MΩ) = 1 000 000 Ω
Variable
Ammeter
resistor
A
Voltmeter
Water bath
to keep
Nichrome
nichrome at
wire
constant
temperature
How current
Ohm’s Law varies with voltage
(PD) for a metal
conductor.
Circuit diagram:
battery
V I R = V/I
2.0V 0.4A 5.0Ω
Variable 4.0 0.8 5.0
Ammeter
resistor
6.0 1.2 5.0
A
Voltmeter
8.0 1.6 5.0
Water bath
to keep
Nichrome
nichrome at
wire
constant
temperature
How current
Ohm’s Law varies with voltage
(PD) for a metal
conductor.
Circuit diagram:
battery
V I R = V/I
2.0V 0.4A 5.0Ω
Variable 4.0 0.8 5.0
Ammeter
resistor
6.0 1.2 5.0
A
Voltmeter
8.0 1.6 5.0
2.0
Current
Water bath
(A)
to keep
Nichrome
nichrome at
wire
constant
temperature 0 10.0
Voltage (V)
Ohm’s Law
Current Voltage
Ohm’s Law
Provided temperature is
constant
Current Voltage
temperature changes?
So what happens if
For a tungsten
filament lamp,
as the current
increases, the
temperature
rises and the
resistance
increases.
Current is not
directly
proportional to
the voltage.
temperature changes?
So what happens if
For a tungsten
filament lamp,
as the current Current is not
increases, the proportional to the
temperature voltage. If the voltage
rises and the is reversed, the
resistance resistance increases
increases. greatly, so effectively
Current is not making sure that
directly current only flows in
proportional to one direction in the
the voltage. circuit.
• Understand that electric
circuits transfer energy
And finally … from the battery or power
source to the circuit
components then into the
surroundings
• Understand that electric
circuits transfer energy
And finally … from the battery or power
source to the circuit
components then into the
surroundings
Chemical energy is
transformed into potential
energy in the electrons, and
in the bulb this is changed
into thermal (heat) energy.
• Understand that electric
circuits transfer energy
And finally … from the battery or power
source to the circuit
components then into the
surroundings
Chemical energy is
transformed into potential
energy in the electrons, and
in the bulb this is changed
into thermal (heat) energy.
Chemical energy is
transformed into potential P = I x V
energy in the electrons, and
in the bulb this is changed
into thermal (heat) energy.
P V = P/I
The rate at which energy is
I = P/V
transformed is known as
POWER. The unit of power
is the watt (W).
I V
1 kilowatt (kW) = 1000 watts
• Understand that electric
circuits transfer energy
And finally … from the battery or power
source to the circuit
components then into the
surroundings
2200W (2.2kW)
450W
11W
80W
Supplement
And finally …
E =P x t
Supplement
And finally …
Power = energy transformed
time taken
E =IxV x t E =P x t
Supplement
And finally …
Power = energy transformed
time taken
E =IxV x t E =P x t