Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Capacitors
Capacitors
Capacitors
Capacitors
• In its simplest form, a capacitor consists of two metal plates, separated from
each other by an insulator (air, mica, paper etc.)
• A charged capacitor is shown below.
+Q -Q
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
• 1 farad is a very large unit. It is much more common to use the following:
mF = 10-3 F
μF = 10-6 F
nF = 10-9 F
pF = 10-12 F
Worked Example
A capacitor of capacitance 250 μF is connected to a battery of emf 6.0
V. Calculate:
+q -q +Q -Q
Electron Fully
flow charged
– no
current
Q T= C 1 V + C 2 V
QT= V (C1+ C2)
QT / V = C1 + C2
CT = C1 + C 2
Series Combination
• VT = V1 + V2
• The charge, Q, on each capacitor
is the same.
VT = Q/C1 + Q/C2
VT / Q = 1/C1 + 1/C2
CT = 206 μF A B
E = ½ QV
E = ½ CV2 and E = ½ Q2 / C
Worked Example
A 100 000μF capacitor is connected to a 6 V battery.
Vmax
• ∆Q = I ∆t
= area of shaded
section
By subs: Q = CV
By subs: V = IR
Qo/e
Q = Qo e -t/CR
20
Qo/e2
• After a time equal to CR, the
charge left on the capacitor is Qo/e3 10
Qo/e4
Q = Qo e-1 0
0 50 100 15 0 200 25 0 300
Q = Qo/e ~ 0.37 Qo
t/s