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WK 7 Evolution
WK 7 Evolution
BIOLOGY 2
WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL SELECTION?
Artificial selection, also called selective breeding, is the
process where humans identify desirable traits in animals
and plants and use these traits to develop desirable
phenotypic traits by breeding.
For instance: Dog breeds such as the Bulldog, the Afghan Shepherd, the
Pitbull or the Rottweiler.
It is through the science, then, the way in which it is possible to
increase the frequency of genetic changes between successive
generations.
Artificial Selection or Selective Breeding is a process in which
humans select the desired trait to pass in next-generation
offspring of plants or animals.
1. Bottleneck Effect
In the bottleneck effect, the population size severely decreases due to
competition, predators, or diseases.
The frequency of certain alleles in a population changes because the
organisms that carry them are eliminated. The others increase in number
because they are the only alleles left.
This is observed during natural disasters like volcanic eruptions,
earthquakes, etc., leading to the death of most of the population.
2. Founder Effect
“Mutation is the change in our DNA base pair sequence due to various
environmental factors such as UV light, or mistakes during DNA
replication.”
Recombination is the procedure by which DNA fragments are disrupted and recombined to
generate new allele combinations. This recombination mechanism generates genetic diversity
at the gene level that reflects variations in the DNA sequences of various organisms.
Recombination
Definition
noun, plural: recombinations
(1) (genetics) The process or act of exchanges of genes between
chromosomes, resulting in a different genetic combination and ultimately
to the formation of unique gametes with chromosomes that are different
from those in parents.
(2) (general) The process or act of bringing together (dissociated materials)
once more.
Supplement
In genetics, recombination occurs during meiosis when chromosomes
exchange genes. Thus, recombination is one of the important means to
promote and increase genetic diversity between generations.
1. Fossils