PRINCIPLES OF

SPEECH
WR ITIN
G
G R O UP 7
 FIRST
PRINCIPLE
WIL L BE E XPL AIN E D
BY: PAC T UR AN
FIRST PRINCIPLE
CHOOSING THE TOPIC
T h e t o p i c should b e TIMELY, meaning in ex isten ce a t
t h e p r e s e n t t i m e (unless a historical e v e n t is t h e
r e a s o n f o r gathering)
T h e t o p i c should b e interesting t o you, o f c o u rse ,
s o that y o u will b e enthusiastic in preparing and
delivering t h e s p e e c h . At t h e s a m e t i m e it should b e
just interesting t o your audience.
FIRST PRINCIPLE
CHOOSING THE TOPIC
A t o p i c thas is NEW, which has n o t b e e n heard b e f o r e b y
t h e listeners, is an a t te n t io n g r a b b e r and m a y help
p r e v e n t b o r e d o m in your audience. And s o is a t o p i c that
is controversial as it e n c o u r a g e s t h e au d ience t o listen
carefully s o t h e y c a n c h o o s e a side o r find additional
r e a s o n s f o r believing in their c h o s e n side.
FIRST PRINCIPLE
CHOOSING THE TOPIC
When ch oo sin g a topic, t h e s p e a k e r m u s t b e e v e r mindful
o f t h e culture o f t h e s p e a k e r and listener, their a g es ,
their g e n d e r as well as their social status and religious
affiliation. It is g o o d advice f o r t h e s p e a k e r t o c h o o s e a
t o p i c that is a t t h e level o f k n o w l e d g e o f b o t h t h e
s p e a k e r and t h e audience.
 SECOND
P R INCIP L E
WIL L BE E XPL AIN E D BY:
PR IN C E C AL L O
ANALYZING THE AUDIENCE
The audience is one of the major
factors that determine the uniqueness
of speech.
First, if possibl e g e t or g u e s s t h e d e m o g r a p h i c data o f t h e
audience: a g e , gender,ethnic
b a c k gr o u n d , o c c u p a t i o n , e c o n o m i c and social status and s o
on, especially if o n e is adressing a business group,a s t u d e n t
club, o r a c o m m u n i t y organization.

Second, it is important t o know t h e g r o u p s t o which your

a udience b e l o n g s as t h e s e g r o u p s hold certain b el ie fs and
values. You m a y t h e n b e a b l e t o ascertain h o w your listeners
f e e l a b o u t certain issues without having t o talk t o e a c h and
e v e r y listener or d o a s u rv e y a m o n g them.
ANALYZING THE AUDIENCE
The audience is one of the major
factors that determine the uniqueness
of speech.
Third, it is just as important t o find o u t h o w your audi ence
f e e l s a b o u t t h e t o p i c o f your s p e e c h and what t h e y already
know a b o u t it(so that y o u d o n o t r e p e a t it and b o r e t h e
audience)

FInally, y o u should try t o know h o w t h e

a udi ence f e e l a b o u t y o u as t h e s p e a k e r
and what t h e y already know a b o u t y o u
 THIRD
PRINCIPLE
WIL L BE E XPL AIN E D
BY: C AG AT IN
SOURCING THE INFORMATION
This involves seeking o u t all t h e available m e a n s f o r finding
materials t o s u p p o r t t h e s p e e c h . Reliable s o u r c e s a r e
n e w s p a p e r s , magazines, journals or any reading material full o f
useful information.

H o w e v e r, t h e b e s t r e s o u r c e a r e t h e p e o p l e , especially t h e
e x p e r t s or t h o s e w h o a r e involved in t h e field t o which t h e
t op i c belongs. A s p e e c h o n "how t o t a k e c a r e o f your heart"
m a y b e built o n reading materials, b u t a cardiologist m a y gi ve
m o r e a c c u r a t e data while s o m e o n e w h o has s u ff e r e d a heart
attack can pr ovi de real life e x p e r i e n c e s that a s p e a k e r m a y u s e
t o r e ac h o u t and a f f e c t their audi ence emotionally.
SOURCING THE INFORMATION
Information f o r any s p e e c h t o p i c m u s t b e relevant, t hat is, it
discusses t h e t o p i c directly; m u s t b e timely, m e a n i n g it
f o c u s e s o n t h e p r e s e n t o r r e c e n t past; and m u s t c o v e r m o s t ,
if n o t all, o f t h e topic. Information g a t h e r e d m u s t b e a t t h e
l evel o f k n o w l e d g e o f b o t h t h e s p e a k e r and t h e audience,
without o ff e n d i n g any listener.
 FOURTH
P R INCIP L E
WIL L BE
E XPL AIN E D BY:
MAC E D A
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
In writing a speech, outlining and organizing is considered. There
are two steps in performing outlines and organization, the
first step is t o sort information and the second step is t o
organize the speech itself. Organizing includes the use of
graphs, or by order while outlining includes introduction, body
and conclusion
T h e r e a re differe nt t y p e s o f outlines:

1.Chronologial outline- Ti m e a p p r o a c h f r o m p a s t t o p r e s e n t
Example: learning modality o f education f r o m online classes t o f a c e - t o
- f a c e classes
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
2.Spatial/geographical outline- Going f r o m o n e p l a c e t o
another. example: Malls in D a v a o city.

3.Cause and e f f e c t outline- discussion o f b o t h c a u s e and e f f e c t o f an

isssue. example: Segregation o f garbage.

4.Problem-solution outline- gives p r o b l e m and s u g g e s t s a

solution. example: Cleaning u p manila bay.

5Topical Outline-Divides t h e t op ic into

s u b t o p i c s example: Social media h a v e m a d e
us anti social.
TECHNI UES
FOR WRITING
THE SPEECH

WIL L BE
E XPL AIN E D BY:
G APO L
 T h e first te c h n iq u e is t o write t h e b o d y o f t h e s p e e c h first, filling in
t h e c o n t e n t o f t h e s p e e c h later with supporting materials. T h e n
write t h e introduction and conclusion afterward.

T h e o t h e r t e c hn iq u e is t o write t h e conclusion first, which m a y find

v e r y helpful b e c a u s e it s h o w s what t h e s p e e c h e n d s with. On t h e
o t h e r hand s o m e u s e t h e t e c h ni q ue o f writing t h e introduction first
t o guide t h e s p e e c h in t h e direction o n e wants it t o g o , t h e n filling
in t h e b o d y and writing t h e conclusion.
R e m e m b e r that in writing an e x t e m p o r a n e o u s and e v e n i m p r o m p t u
s p e e c h , only t h e introduction and conclusion ca n b e written o u t in full. T h e
b o d y o f t h e s p e e c h should remain in outline form.

Whichever te c h ni q ue works f o r you, t h e s p e e c h , as written, should flow

logically f r o m o n e point t o another.This logical expression m a k e s it e a s y f o r
t h e s p e a k e r t o deliver t h e s p e e c h w h e t h e r in full f o r m like t h e manuscript or
m e m o r i z e d s p e e c h e s or in outline f o r m like t h e i m p r o m p t u and
extemporaneous speeches.

As a reminder, d o n o t f o r g e t t h e a udie nc e w h e n writing t h e s p e e c h . T h e y m a y

h a v e their o w n ideas and opinions a b o u t t h e t o pi c that m a y n o t necessarily
a g r e e with t h o s e o f t h e speaker.
THANK YOU