CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL

FOUNDATIONS OF
BIOCHEMISTRY

Unit 1
BCHM423Clinical/Medical Biochemistry Clairene R.J. McDavid-Adams
WHAT ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF
LIVING THINGS?

Source: https://www.wvxu.org/post/worlds-largest-lego-exhibit-coming-cincinnati#stream/0
 THE CELL

• Cells are the structural and • Learning Check:

• What is the cell
functional units of all
• What are the differences between plant and
living organisms animal cells
• Cell structure
• What are specialized cells
 CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE

• The ultrastructure of
a cell is its fine structure
as revealed at high
magnification.

Source: https://qcpages.qc.cuny.edu/~esornberger100/Images.html
Source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/340021840597222682/
Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/eukaryotic-cells/
 I HEAR, SEE & DO…

• https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-a-cell
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6s0xOTNmT4
TRANSPORT ACROSS
MEMBRANE

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/olaelgaddar/transport-across-cell-membranes-34371819
Source: https://xacuqikumawex.wowinternetdirectory.com/transport-across-membrane-12405jg.html
 TERMS TO KNOW…

• Passive Transport
• Active Transport
• Carrier Proteins and permeases
• Uniport, Symport, and Antiport
Systems
• Exocytosis and Endocytosis
Source: https://jtw441.wordpress.com/2014/02/17/diagram-of-the-sodium-potassium-pump/
Source: https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book%3A_Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/05%3A_Cells/
CELL FRACTIONATION

• Cell fractionation is the process used to

separate cellular components while
preserving individual functions of each
component. This is a method that was
originally used to demonstrate
the cellular location of various biochemical
processes.
Source: http://stevegallik.org/cellbiologyolm_fractionation.html
MARKER ENZYMES
 LEARNING BY DOING…

• Briefly discuss the ultrastructure of a typical cell.

• Explain the fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane.
• How do you explain the ATP driven active transport and ion
active transport?
• Mention a few significances of endocytosis and exocytosis.
• Explain uniport and antiport transport mechanism with an
example.
• Why do we call mitochondrion the powerhouse of the cell?
 ACID-BASE BALANCE
• The body's balance between acidity and
alkalinity is referred to as acid-base
balance.
• The blood's acid-base balance is
precisely controlled because even a
minor deviation from the normal range
can severely affect many organs.
• The body uses different mechanisms to
control the blood's acid-base balance.
Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/6174231/
 BUFFERS

• Buffers are aqueous systems that resist

changes in pH as acid or base is added.
They are usually composed of a weak acid
and its conjugate base.
• Biological buffers, are a mixture of weak
acids (the proton donors) and their
conjugate bases (the proton acceptors), help
maintain biomolecules in optimal ionic
state of pH 7.
• The three major buffer systems
of our body are carbonic acid
bicarbonate buffer
system, phosphate buffer
system and protein buffer system
BUFFER SYSTEMS OF BODY
FLUIDS

Source: http://www.brainkart.com/article/pH-and-Buffer-system-in-Body-fluids_34062/
 PLEASE WATCH…

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouhAeCMcTUM
WATER, WATER…

Source: https://www.reef2land.com/pages/saltwater-aquarium-water-chemistry-parameters
H 2 O & BIOCHEMISTRY

Source: https://schoolbag.info/chemistry/central/central.files/image2175.jpg Source: https://socratic.org/questions/why-do-cells-need-water