The Variety

of
Carbon Compounds
 Differences
Between
Organic
and
Inorganic Compounds.
1. Organic compounds always contain carbon
while inorganic compounds contain metal and
other elements.
2. Organic compounds are characterized by
carbon-hydrogen bonds which are not found in
inorganic compounds.
3. Organic compounds are less soluble in water
than inorganic compounds.
4. Organic compounds are covalent while
inorganic are covalent as well as ionic in nature.
5. Organic compounds have lower boiling and
melting points than inorganic compounds.
The Nature of Organic Chemistry
The word organic is derived
from the word organism.
Organic compounds were once
believed to be derived from
living sources only. However, in
1828, a French chemist named
Friedrich Wohler (1800-1882)
gave a new perspective to
organic compounds.
Organic Chemistry
- is a branch of chemistry
that deals with the study
of carbon and its
derivatives, regardless of
source.
Properties of Carbon
Carbon is tetravalent element.
The electron configuration of
carbon is 1s2 2s2 2p2 . This
means that four valence can be
written in three different ways:
single, double, and triple.
Because of this, carbon can
form straight or branched-chain
organic compounds.
Classes of Hydrocarbons
 Alkanes
These are the simplest hydrocarbon
which contains a single bond of carbon-
carbon. They have general formula of
CnH2n+2 , The simplest alkane is methane,
with a chemical formula CH4.

Ex. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

 Alkane Compounds
Carbon Atoms Prefix Alkane Name Molecular
1 Meth Methane CH4
2 Eth Ethane C2H6
3 Prop Propane C3H8
4 But Butane C4H10
5 Pent Pentane C5H12
6 Hex Hexane C6H14
7 Hept Heptane C7H16
8 Oct Octane C8H18
9 Non Nonane C9H20
10 Dec Decane C H
 Rules
in
Naming Alkanes
1. Find the longest continuous parent
carbon chain.
2. Start numbering the parent carbon
chain near the alkyl group.
3. Name the alkyl group and the parent
chain.
4. A hyphen is used to separate a
number and the word, while comma
is used to separate two numbers.
 Alkenes
Second class of hydrocarbons is the
alkenes, also known as olefins. They
are the unsaturated hydrocarbons
with one or more double bonds
between carbon atoms. Open chain
alkenes have the general formula
CnH2n , where n equals the number of
carbon atoms.
 Alkynes
Third class of hydrocarbons is the
alkynes. Alkynes are also unsaturated
hydrocarbons just like alkene due to he
presence of at least one triple bond
between carbon atoms. Open chain
alkynes have the general formula CnH2n-2 ,
where n equals the number of carbon
atoms. Ethyne is the simplest alkyne.
Why is carbon capable of forming so many
compounds than other elements?
Carbon has four valence electrons,
each valence electron participates in
bonding and distributes evenly over
the atom’s surface. This forms four
very stable single-covalent bonds.
Carbon can also bond with itself.
This ability makes carbon a unique.
 What are the effects of hydrocarbons to
human health and environment?
Teflon or polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTLE) was discovered on April 6,
1938 at the DuPont research
laboratories by Dr. Roy Plunkett. It is
used nowadays for a number of ways
especially as a non-stick coating for
pans and other cookware.
using a Teflon-coated cookware and
non-stick pans while cooking, into
two to five minutes, its surface can
exceed temperature at which the
coating breaks apart. As this happens,
toxic particles and gases are emitted
that could be linked to hundreds or
thousands of pet bird deaths and an
unknown number of human illnesses
each year.