Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cosmetics Unit 1
Cosmetics Unit 1
THE FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC ACT (FD&C ACT) DEFINES COSMETICS BY THEIR
INTENDED USE, AS "ARTICLES INTENDED TO BE RUBBED, POURED, SPRINKLED, OR SPRAYED
ON, INTRODUCED INTO, OR OTHERWISE APPLIED TO THE HUMAN BODY...FOR CLEANSING,
BEAUTIFYING, PROMOTING ATTRACTIVENESS, OR ALTERING THE APPEARANCE”
THE FIRST ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF COSMETICS IS FOUND IN ANCIENT EGYPT IN THE YEAR 4000
B.C. ANCIENT GREEKS, ROMANS AND EGYPTIANS USED COSMETICS OUT OF MERCURY ,WHITE LEAD,
FRANKINCENSE, AND MYRRH
4000 BC WOMEN APPLIED A BRIGHT GREEN PASTE OF COPPER MINERALS TO THEIR FACES TO PROVIDE
COLOR THEY USED PERFUMED OILS &PAINTED EYEBROWS ON THEMSELVES WITH CREAM MADE FROM
SHEEP’S FAT, LEAD &SOOT.
GUM ARABIC, GELATIN, BEESWAX, AND EGG WAS USED BY THE CHINESE AROUND 3000 B.C.E. TO STAIN
THEIR FINGERNAILS.
IN JAPAN, GEISHAS USED CRUSHED SAFFLOWER PETALS TO PAINT EYEBROWS AND EDGES OF THE EYES.
FOR THE LIPS, STICKS OF BINTSUKE WAX WAS USED.
DURING THE 8TH AND 7TH CENTURIES BC, EAST GREEK TRADERS DOMINATED MARKETS IN PERFUME
FLASKS AND COSMETIC CONTAINERS. BY THE 7TH CENTURY BC, ATHENS HAD DEVELOPED INTO A
MERCANTILE CENTER IN WHICH HUNDREDS OF PERFUMERS SET UP SHOP. TRADE WAS HEAVY IN FRAGRANT
HERBS SUCH AS MARJORAM, LILY, THYME, SAGE, ANISE, ROSE AND IRIS, INFUSED INTO OLIVE, ALMOND,
CASTOR AND LINSEED OILS.
14TH CENTURY : WOMEN WORE EGG WHITES OVER THEIR FACES AND SLEPT WITH SLICES
OF RAW BEEF ON THEIR FACES TO GET RID OF WRINKLES
15TH – 16TH CENTURY, ITALY AND FRANCE BECAME THE CHIEF CENTERS OF COSMETIC
MANUFACTURING AND FRANCE BEGIN TO CREATE NEW FRAGRANCES AND COSMETICS BY
BLENDING INGREDIENTS.
ZINC OXIDE WIDELY USED AS FACIAL POWDER- REPLACED MIXTURES OF LEAD AND
COPPER 1950S -BEGIN THE MODERN ERA COSMETICS BUSINESS 1980 -ENORMOUS
INDUSTRY HAS BEEN STARTED - WITH $ 20 MILLION IN SALES ANNUALLY.
DURING THE 20TH CENTURY, MAKE- UP BECAME FASHIONABLE IN AMERICA AND EUROPE
THROUGH THE INFLUENCE OF MOVIE INDUSTRY IN HOLLYWOOD. THE FLAPPER STYLE
INFLUENCED COSMETICS OF THE1920S WITH DARK EYES, RED LIPS, RED NAILS, AND A
SUNTAN , INVENTED BY COCO CHANEL.
IN INDIA:
HENNA WAS USED IN INDIA AROUND 4TH AND 5TH CENTURIES AND WAS USED AS EITHER
HAIR DYE OR PAINT ON PEOPLE’S HANDS AND FEET FOR HINDU’S WEDDING
WOMEN IN INDIA USE A TURMERIC GERMICIDAL CREAM AND THE TREATMENT COMPOSED OF
GRAM FLOUR OR WHEAT HUSK MIXED WITH MILK. THE WHEAT HUSK WOULD REMOVE DEAD
CELL TISSUE.
THE USE OF KOHL OR KAJAL HAS A LONG HISTORY IN THE HINDU CULTURE
ON FESTIVE OCCASIONS, SPECIAL BATHING COSMETICS ARE WIDELY USED IN INDIA, EVEN
TODAY.
ALL COSMETIC PREPARATION HAS THEIR APPLICATION FOR LONG OR SHORT PERIODS TO BEAUTIFY THE
BODY AS WELL AS TO KEEP THE BODY HEALTHY UP TO SOME EXTENT AND HAS PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT TO
OTHER.
THE COSMETIC PRODUCT PREVENTS ITS OUTMOST LAYER FROM DRYING OUT, PENETRATE BELOW THE
EXTERNAL LAYER AND INTRODUCE ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN TO DEEP LYING STRATA OR ADHERE ONLY
SUPERFICIALLY TO CHANGE COLOR OR LUSTER OF AREAS. THE COSMETIC WHICH ARE USED FOR DECORATIVE
PURPOSES LIKE…
(I)EMOLLIENTS : COLD CREAMS, VANISHING CREAMS, FOUNDATION CREAMS, LOTIONS AND SOLUTIONS ETC.
(III) DECORATIVE PREPARATIONS : LIPSTICKS, ROUGES, EYELINER, LACQUERS AND DRESSING PREPARATIONS.
COSMECEUTICALS ARE PRODUCTS THAT HAVE BOTH COSMETIC AND THERAPEUTIC (MEDICAL OR
DRUG- LIKE) EFFECTS, AND ARE INTENDED TO HAVE A BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON SKIN HEALTH AND
BEAUTY.
LIKE COSMETICS, THEY ARE APPLIED TOPICALLY AS CREAMS OR LOTIONS BUT CONTAIN ACTIVE
INGREDIENTS THAT HAVE AN EFFECT ON SKIN CELL FUNCTION.
IN SOME CASES, THEIR ACTION IS LIMITED TO THE SKIN SURFACE (SUCH AS EXFOLIANTS), WHILE
OTHERS CAN PENETRATE TO DEEPER LEVELS, EITHER ENHANCING OR LIMITING NORMAL SKIN
FUNCTIONS.
DRUG :
THE FD&C ACT DEFINES DRUGS, IN PART, BY THEIR INTENDED USE, AS "ARTICLES INTENDED FOR
USE IN THE DIAGNOSIS, CURE, MITIGATION, TREATMENT, OR PREVENTION OF DISEASE" AND
"ARTICLES (OTHER THAN FOOD) INTENDED TO AFFECT THE STRUCTURE OR ANY FUNCTION OF THE
BODY OF MAN OR OTHER ANIMALS"
DRUGS: TO PREVENT DISEASES BY ALTERING THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE BODY.
SOME PRODUCTS MEET THE DEFINITIONS OF BOTH COSMETICS AND DRUGS. THIS MAY HAPPEN
WHEN A PRODUCT HAS TWO INTENDED USES.
FOR EXAMPLE, A SHAMPOO IS A COSMETIC BECAUSE ITS INTENDED USE IS TO CLEANSE THE
HAIR. AN ANTIDANDRUFF TREATMENT IS A DRUG BECAUSE ITS INTENDED USE IS TO TREAT
DANDRUFF. CONSEQUENTLY, AN ANTIDANDRUFF SHAMPOO IS BOTH A COSMETIC AND A DRUG.
SOME IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE LAWS AND REGULATIONS FOR COSMETICS AND
DRUGS ARE IN THE AREAS OF APPROVAL, GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE, REGISTRATION, AND
LABELING.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN “COSMETICS” & “COSMECEUTICALS”
COSMETICS REFERS TO THE SUBSTANCES THAT CLEANSE OR ENHANCE THE APPEARANCE OF THE
SKIN WITHOUT THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS, WHEREAS COSMECEUTICALS REFERS TO THE HYBRID
BETWEEN PHARMACEUTICALS AND COSMETIC PRODUCTS THAT ARE INTENDED TO ENHANCE
BOTH THE HEALTH AND BEAUTY OF THE SKIN BY EXTERNAL APPLICATION AND FOLLOWING A
PARTICULAR MECHANISM OF ACTION.
CLASSIFICATION OF COSMETICS:
(A) ACCORDING TO REGION, WHERE IT IS USE
(V) EYE : EYELINER, MASCARA, EYE SHADOW AND EYEBROW PENCIL ETC.
• Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates epidermal growth and is used in the treatment of
burns and excision wounds, where it accelerates re-epithelization. Transforming growth factor
(TGF) stimulates normal skin growth and cellular growth and repair. TGF exerts positive
• Tgf is also a mediator of fibrosis (repair tissue formation) and angiogenesis (development of